| | (bound form) up; upper; above; previous / first (of multiple parts) / to climb; to get onto; to go up / to attend (class or university) / (directional complement) up / (noun suffix) on; above | HSK 1 |
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| | one / single / a (article) / as soon as / entire; whole; all; throughout / "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) / also pr. [yao1] for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit | HSK 1 |
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| | to introduce (sb to sb) / to give a presentation / to present (sb for a job etc) / introduction | HSK 1 |
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| | to tell; to inform; to let know | HSK 1 |
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| | currency unit (esp. Chinese yuan) / (bound form) first; original; primary / (bound form) basic; fundamental / (bound form) constituent; part / (prefix) meta- / (math.) argument; variable / era (of a reign) / (Tw) (geology) eon | HSK 1 |
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| | water / (after a name) ... River / to swim (used mostly in 會水｜会水 and 水性) / (coll.) lacking in substance; shoddy / (bound form) additional cost; extra income / classifier for washings of a garment | HSK 1 |
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| | of; ~'s (possessive particle) / (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) / (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) / (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的｜跑堂儿的 "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 "new one") / also pr. [di4] or [di5] in poetry and songs | HSK 1 |
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| | (before an adjective or verb) to the highest degree; (the) most ...; -est / (after 之) best or most extreme example (e.g. 世界之最 "the greatest in the world") | HSK 1 |
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| | why? / for what reason? | HSK 2 |
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| | to be (followed by substantives only) / correct; right; true / (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well / (adverb for emphatic assertion) | HSK 1 |
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| | dry / dried food / empty; hollow / taken in to nominal kinship; adoptive; foster / futile; in vain / (dialect) rude; blunt / (dialect) to cold-shoulder | HSK 1 |
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| | to go / to go to (a place) / (of a time etc) last / just passed / to send / to remove / to get rid of / to reduce / to be apart from in space or time / to die (euphemism) / to play (a part) / (when used either before or after a verb) to go in order to do sth / (after a verb of motion indicates movement away from the speaker) / (used after certain verbs to indicate detachment or separation) | HSK 1 |
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| | (bound form) to have to do with; to concern oneself with / one of the ten heavenly stems 天干 / (archaic) shield | HSK 1 |
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| | from; through; via / (bound form) to follow / (bound form) to obey / (bound form) to engage in (an activity) / (used before a negative) ever / (bound form) (Taiwan pr. [zong4]) retainer; attendant / (bound form) (Taiwan pr. [zong4]) assistant; auxiliary; subordinate / (bound form) (Taiwan pr. [zong4]) related by common paternal grandfather or earlier ancestor | HSK 1 |
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| | front / forward / ahead / first / top (followed by a number) / future / ago / before / BC (e.g. 前293 年) / former / formerly | HSK 1 |
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| | to cover / to wrap / to hold / to include / to take charge of / to contract (to or for) / package / wrapper / container / bag / to hold or embrace / bundle / packet / CL: 個｜个, 隻｜只 | HSK 1 |
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| | it (pronoun for an animal) | HSK 2 |
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| | you (informal, as opposed to courteous 您) | HSK 1 |
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| | no; not so / (bound form) not; un- | HSK 1 |
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| | good / appropriate; proper / all right! / (before a verb) easy to / (before a verb) good to / (before an adjective for exclamatory effect) so / (verb complement indicating completion) / (of two people) close; on intimate terms / (after a personal pronoun) hello | HSK 1 |
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| | (pronoun) this; these / (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) / (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. [zhei4], esp. in Beijing) | HSK 1 |
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| | outside / in addition / foreign / external | HSK 1 |
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| | after / later / afterwards / following / later on / in the future | HSK 2 |
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| | (of sth) to move / to set in movement / to displace / to touch / to make use of / to stir (emotions) / to alter / abbr. for 動詞｜动词, verb | HSK 1 |
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| | (joining two nouns) and; together with; with (Taiwan pr. [han4]) / (math.) sum / to make peace / (sports) to draw; to tie / (bound form) harmonious / (bound form) Japan; Japanese | HSK 1 |
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| | (in the) past; former; previous / to go over; to pass by | HSK 2 |
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| | (of a student) to start school / (of a semester) to begin / (old) to found a school / the start of a new term | HSK 2 |
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| | to use; to make use of; to employ / (coverb) with; using / to need; to have to (usu. used in the negative or in questions) / usefulness; utility / (bound form) expense; outlay / (courteous) to eat; to drink / (literary) hence; therefore | HSK 1 |
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| | to make; to produce / to write; to compose / to do; to engage in; to hold (a party etc) / (of a person) to be (an intermediary, a good student etc); to become (husband and wife, friends etc) / (of a thing) to serve as; to be used for / to assume (an air or manner) | HSK 1 |
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| | but; however / (used for emphasis) indeed | HSK 2 |
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| | (bound form) right; right-hand side / (bound form) (politics) right of center / (bound form) (old) west / (literary) the right side as the side of precedence | HSK 1 |
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| | (third-person singular) (since the early 20th century, usu. male) he; him; his / (bound form) other; another; some other (as in 他日 and 他人) | HSK 1 |
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| | a semantically light, transitive verb that is combined with various grammatical objects to form compound verbs and verb-object phrases with a diverse range of meanings (e.g. 打傘｜打伞 "to hold an umbrella", 打電話｜打电话 "to make a phone call", 打針｜打针 "to get an injection", 打手套 "to knit gloves", 打氣｜打气 "to inflate") / to hit; to strike / to fight / (coll.) from; since (as in 打那以後｜打那以后 "since then") | HSK 1 |
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| | to exist; to be alive / (of sb or sth) to be (located) at / (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) | HSK 1 |
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| | four / 4 | HSK 1 |
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| | structural particle: used after a verb (or adjective as main verb), linking it to following phrase indicating effect, degree, possibility etc | HSK 2 |
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| | many; much; more; a lot of / too many; in excess / (after a numeral) ... odd / how (to what extent) (Taiwan pr. [duo2]) / (bound form) multi-; poly- | HSK 1 |
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| | hand / (formal) to hold / person engaged in certain types of work / person skilled in certain types of work / personal(ly) / convenient / classifier for skill / CL: 雙｜双, 隻｜只 | HSK 1 |
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| | outside (also pr. [wai4 mian5] for this sense) / surface / exterior / external appearance | HSK 3 |
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| | very; quite / (also, often used before an adjective without intensifying its meaning, i.e. as a meaningless syntactic element) | HSK 1 |
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| | to carry (hanging down from the hand) / to lift / to put forward / to mention / to raise (an issue) / upwards character stroke / lifting brush stroke (in painting) / scoop for measuring liquid | HSK 2 |
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| | not long (after) / before too long / soon / soon after | HSK 2 |
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| | nature / character / property / quality / attribute / sexuality / sex / gender / suffix forming adjective from verb / suffix forming noun from adjective, corresponding to -ness or -ity / essence / CL: 個｜个 | HSK 3 |
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| | some; a few; a little; (following an adjective) slightly ...er | HSK 1 |
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| | below / under / next / the following / also pr. [xia4 mian5] | HSK 3 |
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| | representative / delegate / CL: 位, 個｜个, 名 / to represent / to stand for / on behalf of / in the name of | HSK 3 |
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| | to go out; to come out / to arise; to occur / to produce; to yield / to go beyond; to exceed / (used after a verb to indicate an outward direction or a positive result) / classifier for dramas, plays, operas etc | HSK 1 |
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| | rapid / quick / speed / rate / soon / almost / to make haste / clever / sharp (of knives or wits) / forthright / plainspoken / gratified / pleased / pleasant | HSK 1 |
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| | to have; there is / (bound form) having; with; -ful; -ed; -al (as in 有意 intentional) | HSK 1 |
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| | (bound form) root; stem / (bound form) origin; source / (bound form) one's own; this / (bound form) this; the current (year etc) / (bound form) original / (bound form) inherent / originally; initially / capital; principal / classifier for books, periodicals, files etc | HSK 1 |
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| | (after a noun) between; among; amid / (used after certain bisyllabic words to form expressions indicating a short period of time, e.g. 彈指之間｜弹指之间) | HSK 4 |
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| | information / news / message | HSK 2 |
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| | fire / urgent / ammunition / fiery or flaming / internal heat (Chinese medicine) / hot (popular) / classifier for military units (old) / Kangxi radical 86 | HSK 3 |
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| | for; for the purpose of; in order to | HSK 3 |
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| | | HSK 2 |
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| | to reach; to arrive / to leave for; to go to / to (a place); until (a time); up to (a point) / (verb complement indicating arriving at a place or reaching a point) / considerate; thoughtful; thorough | HSK 1 |
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| | -ly / structural particle: used before a verb or adjective, linking it to preceding modifying adverbial adjunct | HSK 1 |
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| | before / prior to / ago / previously / beforehand | HSK 4 |
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| | mouth / classifier for things with mouths (people, domestic animals, cannons, wells etc) / classifier for bites or mouthfuls | HSK 1 |
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| | vegetable; greens (CL: 棵) / dish (of food) (CL: 樣｜样, 道, 盤｜盘) / (of one's skills etc) weak; poor / (coll.) (one's) type | HSK 1 |
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| | to walk / to go / to run / to move (of vehicle) / to visit / to leave / to go away / to die (euph.) / from / through / away (in compound verbs, such as 撤走) / to change (shape, form, meaning) | HSK 1 |
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| | to circle / to go back / to turn around / to answer / to return / to revolve / Hui ethnic group (Chinese Muslims) / time / classifier for acts of a play / section or chapter (of a classic book) | HSK 1 |
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| | country; nation; state / (bound form) national | HSK 1 |
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| | to wait for; to await / by the time; when; till / and so on; etc.; et al. / (bound form) class; rank; grade / (bound form) equal to; same as / (used to end an enumeration) / (literary) (plural suffix attached to a personal pronoun or noun) | HSK 1 |
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| | ticket (for a bus or train) | HSK 1 |
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| | beforehand; first; earlier / at first; originally / for the time being; for now / (prefix) my late (in referring to deceased relatives older than oneself) | HSK 1 |
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| | towards / to face / to turn towards / direction / to support / to side with / shortly before / formerly / always / all along / (suffix) suitable for ... / oriented to ... | HSK 2 |
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| | to exploit (a resource); to open up (for development); to develop | HSK 3 |
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| | to lean against or on / to stand by the side of / to come near to / to depend on / to trust / to fuck (vulgar) / traditional military costume drama where the performers wear armor (old) | HSK 2 |
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| | to compare / (followed by a noun and adjective) more {adj.} than {noun} / ratio / to gesture / (Taiwan pr. [bi4] in some compounds derived from Classical Chinese) | HSK 1 |
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| | mountain; hill (CL: 座) / (coll.) small bundle of straw for silkworms to spin cocoons on | HSK 1 |
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| | image / form / figure / CL: 個｜个 / visualization / vivid | HSK 3 |
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| | to strive for / to vie for / to argue or debate / deficient or lacking (dialect) / how or what (literary) | HSK 3 |
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| | the day before yesterday | HSK 1 |
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| | before / formerly / previous / ago | HSK 2 |
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| | (classifier used before a noun that has no specific classifier) / (bound form) individual | HSK 1 |
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| | to divide; to separate / to distribute; to allocate / to distinguish (good and bad) / (bound form) branch of (an organization); sub- (as in 分局) / fraction / one tenth (of certain units) / unit of length equivalent to 0.33 cm / minute (unit of time) / minute (angular measurement unit) / a point (in sports or games) / 0.01 yuan (unit of money) | HSK 1 |
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| | | HSK 1 |
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| | actually / place / classifier for houses, small buildings, institutions etc / that which / particle introducing a relative clause or passive / CL: 個｜个 | HSK 3 |
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| | gold / chemical element Au / generic term for lustrous and ductile metals / money / golden / highly respected / one of the eight categories of ancient musical instruments 八音 | HSK 3 |
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| | lightning / electricity / electric (bound form) / to get (or give) an electric shock / phone call or telegram etc / to send via telephone or telegram etc | HSK 1 |
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| | lump; chunk; piece / classifier for pieces of cloth, cake, soap etc / (coll.) classifier for money and currency units | HSK 1 |
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| | | HSK 1 |
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| | to feel embarrassed / to find it embarrassing / to be sorry (for inconveniencing sb) | HSK 2 |
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| | to love; to be fond of; to like / affection / to be inclined (to do sth); to tend to (happen) | HSK 1 |
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| | item / component / classifier for events, things, clothes etc | HSK 2 |
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| | ability; talent / sb of a certain type / a capable individual / then and only then / just now / (before an expression of quantity) only | HSK 2 |
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| | standard; norm; criterion / (adjective) standard / good; correct; conforming to a standard | HSK 3 |
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| | to assign / to appoint / to take up a post / office / responsibility / to let / to allow / to give free rein to / no matter (how, what etc) / classifier for terms served in office, or for spouses, girlfriends etc (as in 前任男友) | HSK 3 |
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| | to hold; to grasp / to hold a baby in position to help it urinate or defecate / handlebar / classifier: handful, bundle, bunch / classifier for things with handles / (used to put the object before the verb: 把 + {noun} + {verb}) | HSK 3 |
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| | to be fond of; to have a tendency to; to be prone to | HSK 4 |
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| | to add oil; to top up with gas; to refuel / to accelerate; to step on the gas / (fig.) to make an extra effort; to cheer sb on | HSK 2 |
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| | to bring forth new ideas; to blaze new trails / innovation | HSK 3 |
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| | knife; blade; single-edged sword; cutlass (CL: 把) / (slang) (loanword) dollar / classifier for sets of one hundred sheets (of paper) / classifier for knife cuts or stabs / (Internet slang) to bargain; to ask for a small discount (esp. on second-hand marketplaces) | HSK 3 |
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| | dissatisfied; discontented; resentful / (before a number) to be less than | HSK 2 |
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| | to keep / to retain / to have reservations (about sth) / to hold back (from saying sth) / to put aside for later | HSK 3 |
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| | specialized; dedicated (to a particular field or purpose) / specially; specifically (for a particular purpose) / (of institutions, personnel etc) designated or assigned for a specific task; special | HSK 3 |
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| | base; foundation; basis / basic; fundamental | HSK 3 |
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| | home / family / (polite) my (sister, uncle etc) / classifier for families or businesses / refers to the philosophical schools of pre-Han China / noun suffix for a specialist in some activity, such as a musician or revolutionary, corresponding to English -ist, -er, -ary or -ian / CL: 個｜个 | HSK 1 |
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| | to / for / for the benefit of / to give / to allow / to do sth (for sb) / (grammatical equivalent of 被) / (grammatical equivalent of 把) / (sentence intensifier) | HSK 1 |
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