| | Chinese language | HSK 1 |
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| | the top and bottom of sth / the full vertical extent of sth; from top to bottom / to go up and down / before and after (as in 上下文 "context") / (used after a quantity) approximately; ... or so / (in a social hierarchy) the high and the low; seniors and juniors (as in 上下和睦 "harmony between superiors and subordinates") / all members of a group (as in 舉國上下｜举国上下 "the entire nation") / relative superiority (as in 不相上下 "evenly matched") | HSK 5 |
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| | English (language) | HSK 2 |
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| | | HSK 1 |
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| | to write an essay / composition (student essay) / CL: 篇 | HSK 2 |
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| | astronomy | HSK 5 |
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| | foreign language (written) | HSK 3 |
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| | (broadly) prose (as opposed to verse) / (more narrowly) free-form literary prose, such as essays, sketches and reflections | HSK 5 |
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| | to open (transitive or intransitive) / (of ships, vehicles, troops etc) to start / to turn on; to put in operation; to operate; to run / to boil / to write out (a prescription, check, invoice etc) / (directional complement) away; off / carat (gold) / abbr. for Kelvin, 開爾文｜开尔文 / abbr. for 開本｜开本, book format | HSK 1 |
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| | language / culture / writing / formal / literary / gentle / (old) classifier for coins / Kangxi radical 67 | HSK 7-9 |
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| | a worthless piece of paper (idiom) | |
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| | paper / treatise / thesis / CL: 篇 / to discuss a paper or thesis (old) | HSK 4 |
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| | (textual) context | |
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| | tweet (on Twitter) / (HK, Tw) to "bump" a forum thread to raise its profile / to reply to original poster (or recommend a post) on PTT bulletin board | |
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| | humanities / human affairs / culture | HSK 7-9 |
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| | old language / the Classics / Classical Chinese as a literary model, esp. in Tang and Song prose / Classical Chinese as a school subject | |
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| | to formally request (by means of an official communication 咨文) | |
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| | online literature, esp. web novels (abbr. for 網絡文學｜网络文学) | |
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| | Malay language | |
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| | entire text / full text | HSK 7-9 |
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| | surname Wen | |
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| | Thousand Character Classic, 6th century poem used as a traditional reading primer | |
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| | quotation / citation | |
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| | context / the surrounding words / same as 上下文 | |
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| | applied writing / writing for practical purposes (business letters, advertising etc) | |
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| | original text | |
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| | hydrology | |
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| | Jiang Wen (1963-), sixth generation Chinese movie director | |
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| | official document | |
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| | clause / explanatory section in a document | |
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| | this text / article / the main body of a book | |
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| | French language | |
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| | to return to old ways (a Confucian aspiration) / to turn back the clock / neoclassical school during Tang and Song associated with classical writing 古文 / retro (fashion style based on nostalgia, esp. for 1960s) | |
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| | poetry and literature | |
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| | speech delivered by a head of state to the legislature (e.g. (USA) State of the Union Address, (Russia) Address to the Federal Assembly etc) | |
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| | literature and language / (PRC) Chinese (as a school subject) | |
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| | to solicit articles, essays or pieces of literature (on a subject or in commemoration of an event) | |
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| | German (language) | |
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| | Shen Congwen (1902-1988), novelist | |
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| | Tibetan script / Tibetan written language / Tibetan language | |
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| | dissertation; thesis | |
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| | short piece; article; short essay | |
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| | incantation / spell / to curse | |
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| | the pages ahead / the following pages | |
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| | highly literate / lit. capable at poetry, proficient at prose | |
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| | Tsai Ing-wen (1956–), Taiwanese DPP politician, president of the Republic of China 2016–2024 | |
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| | abbr. for 梵教 Brahmanism / abbr. for Sanskrit 梵語｜梵语 or 梵文 / abbr. for 梵蒂岡｜梵蒂冈, the Vatican | |
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| | Sanskrit | |
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| | blog article / to write a blog article (netspeak) | |
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| | hangul, Korean phonetic alphabet | |
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| | Vietnamese written language / Vietnamese literature | |
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| | preceding part of the text | |
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| | Hu Shi (1891-1962), original proponent of writing in colloquial Chinese 白話文｜白话文 | |
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| | Chinese language / Chinese script | |
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| | Lord Kelvin 1824-1907, British physicist (William Thomson) / Kelvin (temperature scale) | |
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| | unwritten (rule) | |
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| | a single penny / a single cent | |
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| | scripture / scriptures / CL: 本 | |
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| | Six Methods of forming Chinese characters, according to Han dictionary Shuowen 說文｜说文 - namely, two primary methods: 象形 (pictogram), 指事 (ideogram), two compound methods: 會意｜会意 (combined ideogram), 形聲｜形声 (ideogram plus phonetic), and two transfer methods: 假借 (loan), 轉注｜转注 (transfer) | |
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| | Gang of Four: Jiang Qing 江青, Zhang Chunqiao 張春橋｜张春桥, Yao Wenyuan 姚文元, Wang Hongwen 王洪文, who served as scapegoats for the excesses of the cultural revolution | |
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| | Ban Ki Moon (1944-), Korean diplomat, UN secretary-general 2007-2016 | |
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| | to issue a document / document issued by an authority / outgoing messages / (Internet) to post an article online | |
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| | palindrome | |
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| | Portuguese (language) | |
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| | advertorial | |
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| | first line of the Thousand Character Classic 千字文 | |
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| | eight-part essay one had to master to pass the imperial exams in Ming and Qing dynasties | |
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| | to write an article | |
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| | Longman (name) | |
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| | Calvin (1509-1564), French protestant reformer | |
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| | Kevin (name) | |
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| | Indo-European (language) | |
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| | Latin (language) | |
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| | to state in writing (laws, rules etc) | |
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| | interpreting words / to explain the meaning of words in classic texts / to decipher an old script | |
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| | inscription in bronze / bell-cauldron inscription | |
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| | Richmond (place name or surname) | |
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| | Thai (language) | |
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| | Spanish / Western language / foreign languages (in Qing times) | |
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| | word that contains one or more letters of an alphabet (e.g. HSK, PK, WTO, PO 文, PM2.5, γ 射線｜γ 射线) | |
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| | a popular form of narrative literature flourishing in the Tang Dynasty (618-907) with alternate prose and rhymed parts for recitation and singing (often on Buddhist themes) | |
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| | Charles Darwin (1809–1882), British biologist, author of "On the Origin of Species" 物種起源｜物种起源 / Darwin, capital of the Northern Territory (Australia) | |
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| | Evan / Avon / Ivan | |
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| | refined / educate / cultured / intellectual / polite / gentle | |
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| | (old) official communication (between government offices of equal rank) / report delivered by the head of government on affairs of state | |
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| | Zhu Yuanwen, personal name of second Ming Emperor Jianwen 建文 | |
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| | oracle script / oracle bone inscriptions (an early form of Chinese script) | |
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| | writings in the vernacular | |
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| | crude and ill-educated (idiom) | |
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| | writing style (formal) / to send an official written communication | |
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| | hacker terminology / leetspeak | |
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| | Chinese written language / Chinese literature esp. as taught abroad | |
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| | Xingwen county in Yibin 宜賓｜宜宾, Sichuan | |
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| | essay | |
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| | the original name of 孫中山｜孙中山, Dr Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925), first president of the Republic of China and co-founder of the Guomintang 國民黨｜国民党 | |
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| | (social media) to post; a post | |
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| | Syriac language (from c. 2nd century BC) / the Syriac script | |
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