to open / to start / to turn on / to boil / to write out (a prescription, check, invoice etc) / to operate (a vehicle) / carat (gold) / abbr. for Kelvin, 開爾文｜开尔文 / abbr. for 開本｜开本, book format

Chinese language

paper / treatise / thesis / CL: 篇 / to discuss a paper or thesis (old)

astronomy

prose / essay

literature and language / (PRC) Chinese (as a school subject)

to return to old ways (a Confucian aspiration) / to turn back the clock / neoclassical school during Tang and Song associated with classical writing 古文 / retro (fashion style based on nostalgia, esp. for 1960s)

this text / article / the main body of a book

English (language)

document

see 轉文｜转文

humanities / human affairs / culture

entire text / full text

to solicit articles, essays or pieces of literature (on a subject or in commemoration of an event)

refined / educate / cultured / intellectual / polite / gentle

to write an essay / composition (student essay) / CL: 篇

(textual) context

original text

preceding part of the text

abbr. for 梵教 Brahmanism / abbr. for Sanskrit 梵語｜梵语 or 梵文 / abbr. for 梵蒂岡｜梵蒂冈, the Vatican

to issue a document / document issued by an authority / outgoing messages / (Internet) to post an article online

braille / literature in braille

writing style (formal) / to send an official written communication

French language

Japanese (language)

foreign language (written)

main text (as opposed to footnotes) / main body (of a book)

text / CL: 篇

translated text

poetry and literature

a single penny / a single cent

German (language)

Owen (name) / Erwin (name) / Irvine, California

hydrology

Russian language

to write an article

Kevin (name)

Kevin (person name)

rune

clause / explanatory section in a document

to state in writing (laws, rules etc)

Chinese language / Chinese script

official communication (between gov. offices of equal rank) / report delivered by the head of gov. on affairs of state

interpreting words / to explain the meaning of words in classic texts / to decipher an old script

quotation / citation

inscription in bronze / bell-cauldron inscription

a branch of the Xianbei 鮮卑｜鲜卑 nomadic people / two-character surname Yuwen

oracle script / oracle bone inscriptions (an early form of Chinese script)

palindrome

(old, now used figuratively) official call to arms / official denunciation

Longwen district of Zhangzhou city 漳州市, Fujian

scripture / scriptures / CL: 本

written / statutory

hangul, Korean phonetic alphabet / Korean written language

essay

Xiuwen County in Guiyang 貴陽｜贵阳, Guizhou

see 說文解字｜说文解字

inscription

Sanskrit

Jianwen Emperor, reign name of second Ming Emperor Zhu Yunwen 朱允炆 (1377-1402), reigned 1398-1402

Spanish / Western language / foreign languages (in Qing times)

official written ruling in response to a submission / official approval in writing

(coll.) to post a message

Chinese written language / Chinese literature esp. as taught abroad

Kuiwen district of Weifang city 濰坊市｜潍坊市, Shandong

surname Wen

language / culture / writing / formal / literary / gentle / (old) classifier for coins / Kangxi radical 67

Longman (name)

Steven (name) / Simon Stevin (1548-1620), Flemish engineer and mathematician, played a key role in introducing the decimal system to Europe

Xingwen county in Yibin 宜賓｜宜宾, Sichuan

penniless (idiom)

inscription on a tablet

Tibetan script / Tibetan written language / Tibetan language

remarkable or peculiar piece of writing

Malaysian language

preface / foreword / preamble / recital (law) / also written 敘文｜叙文

Manchurian written language

Calvin (name)

funeral oration / eulogy / elegiac address

Gang of Four: Jiang Qing 江青, Zhang Chunqiao 張春橋｜张春桥, Yao Wenyuan 姚文元, Wang Hongwen 王洪文, who served as scapegoats for the excesses of the cultural revolution

early form of Chinese characters inscribed in stone, a precursor of the small seal 小篆

verse

Mongolian language

characters cut in relief

Thousand Character Classic, 6th century poem used as a traditional reading primer

convoluted / elaborate formalities

a worthless piece of paper (idiom)

Six Methods of forming Chinese characters, according to Han dictionary Shuowen 說文｜说文 - namely, two primary methods: 象形 (pictogram), 指事 (ideogram), two compound methods: 會意｜会意 (combined ideogram), 形聲｜形声 (ideogram plus phonetic), and two transfer methods: 假借 (loan), 轉注｜转注 (transfer)

Richmond (place name or surname)

context / the surrounding words / same as 上下文

litany (text of a prayer)

petition (submitted to a superior)

to parade by interspersing one's speech or writing with literary allusions / Taiwan pr. [zhuan3 wen2]

(Internet) to repost (Tw)

official document sent to an agency (or an official) of equal rank (in imperial times)

archaic (and simpler) form of a Chinese character

bell-cauldron script / the 籀文 form of Chinese character used in metal inscriptions

advertorial

text

the great seal / used narrowly for 籀文 / used broadly for many pre-Qin scripts