| | home / family / (polite) my (sister, uncle etc) / classifier for families or businesses / refers to the philosophical schools of pre-Han China / noun suffix for a specialist in some activity, such as a musician or revolutionary, corresponding to English -ist, -er, -ary or -ian / CL: 個｜个 | HSK 1 |
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| | really / actually / indeed / true / real / honest / dependable / (philosophy) reality | HSK 2 |
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| | sophisticated; advanced (technology etc) / meritorious; exemplary (deeds etc) | HSK 3 |
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| | earth / dust / clay / local / indigenous / crude opium / unsophisticated / one of the eight categories of ancient musical instruments 八音 | HSK 3 |
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| | simple / pure / unsophisticated / merely / purely | HSK 4 |
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| | philosophy | HSK 6 |
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| | sharp pointed end / the tip / the cusp / tip-top / most advanced and sophisticated / highest peak / the best | HSK 7-9 |
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| | philosophical reflection; contemplative philosophical thought | |
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| | Aesop's Fables, a collection of fables attributed to Aesop | |
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| | Laozi or Lao-tze (c. 500 BC), Chinese philosopher, the founder of Taoism / the sacred book of Daoism, 道德經｜道德经 by Laozi | |
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| | Zhuangzi (c. 369–286 BC), Daoist philosopher / the eponymous Daoist classic | |
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| | Sun Tzu, also known as Sun Wu 孫武｜孙武 (c. 500 BC, dates of birth and death uncertain), general, strategist and philosopher of the Spring and Autumn Period (700-475 BC), believed to be the author of the “Art of War” 孫子兵法｜孙子兵法, one of the Seven Military Classics of ancient China 武經七書｜武经七书 | |
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| | Confucius (551-479 BC), Chinese thinker and social philosopher, also known as 孔夫子 | |
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| | esophageal cancer | |
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| | anthroposophy | |
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| | René Descartes (1596-1650) French philosopher | |
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| | surname Althusser / Louis Pierre Althusser (1918–1990), Marxist philosopher | |
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| | gnosticism, the philosophical doctrine that everything about the universe is knowable | |
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| | Voltaire (1694–1778), French Enlightenment writer and philosopher | |
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| | rustic / uncouth / unsophisticated | |
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| | Friedrich Nietzsche (1846–1900), German philosopher | |
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| | idea / concept / philosophy / theory | HSK 7-9 |
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| | a hundred flowers bloom, a hundred schools of thought contend (idiom); refers to the classical philosophic schools of the Warring States period 475-221 BC, but adopted for Mao's campaign of 1956 | |
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| | material and spiritual culture / matter and mind / material progress, ideology and culture (philosophic slogan, adopted into Deng Xiaoping theory from 1978) | |
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| | personality traits; temperament; disposition / aura; air; feel; vibe / refinement; sophistication; class | HSK 7-9 |
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| | Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860), German post-Kantian philosopher | |
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| | agnosticism, the philosophical doctrine that some questions about the universe are in principle unanswerable | |
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| | original path / essay by Tang philosopher Han Yu 韓愈｜韩愈 | |
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| | Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778), Enlightenment philosopher | |
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| | five phases of Chinese philosophy: wood 木, fire 火, earth 土, metal 金, water 水 | |
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| | others / (sociology, philosophy) the Other | |
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| | history of philosophy | |
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| | David Hume (1711–1776), Scottish Enlightenment philosopher | |
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| | locust tree (Sophora japonica) | HSK 7-9 |
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| | another name for Han Fei 韓非｜韩非, Legalist philosopher (c. 280-233 BC) / Han Feizi, book of Legalist Philosophy authored by Han Fei 韓非｜韩非 during the Warring States Period (475-220 BC) | |
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| | philosopher | |
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| | the nine schools of thought, philosophical schools of the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods (770-220 BC), viz Confucians 儒家, Daoists 道家, Yin and Yang 陰陽家｜阴阳家, Legalists 法家, Logicians 名家, Mohists 墨家, Diplomats 縱橫家｜纵横家, Miscellaneous 雜家｜杂家, and Agriculturalists 農家｜农家 | |
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| | materialism, philosophical doctrine that physical matter is the whole of reality | |
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| | cultured / sophisticated | |
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| | Leibniz (name) / Gottfriend Wilhelm von Leibniz (1646-1716), German mathematician and philosopher, co-inventor of the calculus | |
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| | Plato (c. 427 – c. 347 BC), Greek philosopher | |
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| | the Legalist school of political philosophy, which rose to prominence in the Warring States period (475–221 BC) (The Legalists believed that social harmony could only be attained through strong state control, and advocated for a system of rigidly applied punishments and rewards for specific behaviors.) / a Legalist | |
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| | (philosophy) materialism | |
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| | Aristotle (384-322 BC), Greek philosopher | |
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| | philosophy of idealism, the doctrine that external reality is a product of consciousness | |
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| | pluralism, philosophical doctrine that the universe consists of different substances | |
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| | Wang Yangming (1472-1529), Ming dynasty Neo-Confucian philosopher, influential in the School of Mind 心學｜心学 | |
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| | the four book depositories, namely: classics 經｜经, history 史, philosophy 子, belles-lettres 集 | |
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| | Epicurus (341-270 BC), ancient Greek philosopher | |
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| | Confucius (551-479 BC), Chinese thinker and social philosopher, also known as 孔子 | |
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| | to replace the current name or title of sth with a new one that reflects its true nature / rectification of names (a tenet of Confucian philosophy) | |
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| | formalism (in philosophy, art, or literary theory) / excessive concern with form over substance | |
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| | Henri Poincaré (1854-1912), French mathematician, physicist and philosopher | |
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| | (philosophy) a priori | |
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| | sophisticated / worldly-wise | HSK 7-9 |
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| | Mesopotamian civilization | |
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| | unworldly / unsophisticated | |
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| | Mohist School of the Warring States Period (475-220 BC), founded by the philosopher 墨子 | |
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| | Michel Foucault (1926-1984), French philosopher | |
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| | rustic / uncouth / unsophisticated | |
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| | Doctor of Philosophy; PhD | |
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| | (chemistry) isopropylbenzene C9H12 (aka cumene) | |
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| | lit. rich country, strong army (idiom); slogan of legalist philosophers in pre-Han times / Make the country wealthy and the military powerful, slogan of modernizers in Qing China and Meiji Japan (Japanese pronunciation: Fukoku kyōhei) | |
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| | Xunzi, (c. 310-237 BC), Confucian philosopher / the Xunzi, a collection of philosophical writings attributed to Xunzi | |
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| | philosophic theory / philosophy | |
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| | object (philosophy) | |
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| | (idiom) young and inexperienced; unsophisticated | |
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| | Treatise 134 BC by Han dynasty philosopher Dong Zhongshu 董仲舒 | |
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| | Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831), German philosopher | |
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| | philosophy of idealism, the doctrine that external reality is a product of consciousness | |
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| | soporific drug | |
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| | mature / experienced / sophisticated | |
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| | Aristotle (philosopher) | |
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| | Oedipus, hero of the tragedy Oedipus Rex by Athenian dramatist Sophocles | |
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| | Friedrich Engels (1820-1895), socialist philosopher and one of the founder of Marxism | |
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| | philosopher's stone | |
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| | chrysoprase (mineral) | |
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| | part (in multipart instrumental or choral music), such as the soprano part or bass part | |
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| | Francis Bacon (1561-1626), English Renaissance philosopher and early scientist | |
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| | high pitch / soprano / treble | |
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| | Immanuel Kant (1724-1804), German philosopher | |
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| | to twist words and force logic (idiom) / sophistry / loud rhetoric making up for fallacious argument / shoving false arguments down people's throats | |
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| | Li Si (c. 280-208 BC), Legalist philosopher, calligrapher and prime minister of Qin kingdom and Qin dynasty from 246 to 208 BC | |
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| | (mineralogy) chrysoprase | |
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| | Feng Youlan (1895-1990), distinguished Chinese philosopher | |
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| | sophisticated, worldly person / man of the world | |
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| | unsophisticated / rustic / uncouth | |
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| | simple and honest / unsophisticated / guileless | |
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| | simple / unadorned / unsophisticated / naive | |
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| | Jürgen Habermas (1929-), German social philosopher | |
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| | rustic / uncouth / unsophisticated | |
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| | Sun Wu, also known as Sun Tzu 孫子｜孙子 (c. 500 BC, dates of birth and death uncertain), general, strategist and philosopher of the Spring and Autumn Period (700-475 BC), believed to be the author of the “Art of War” 孫子兵法｜孙子兵法, one of the Seven Military Classics of ancient China 武經七書｜武经七书 | |
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| | Socrates (469-399 BC), Greek philosopher / José Sócrates (1957-), prime minister of Portugal (2005-2011) | |
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| | the only son of a family / (functional programming or philosophy) monad | |
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| | Asanga (Buddhist philosopher, c. 4th century AD) | |
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| | specious arguments / sophistry | |
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| | Michel Foucault (1926-1984), French philosopher (Tw) | |
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| | Julia Kristeva (1941-), Bulgarian-French psychoanalyst, philosopher and literary critic | |
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| | Sun Wu, famous general, strategist and Legalist philosopher, contemporary with Confucius 孔子 (551-479 BC), author of "The Art of War" 孫子兵法｜孙子兵法, also known as Sun Tzu 孫子｜孙子 | |
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| | to think critically / (philosophy) to reason; to speculate | |
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