also; too; as well; (not ...) either / (used after a verbal or nominal expression X to indicate that X is an extreme or unexpected case) even (X) / (literary) particle having functions similar to 啊

water / (after a name) ... River / to swim (used mostly in 會水｜会水 and 水性) / (coll.) lacking in substance; shoddy / (bound form) additional cost; extra income / classifier for washings of a garment

of; ~'s (possessive particle) / (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) / (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) / (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的｜跑堂儿的 "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 "new one") / also pr. [di4] or [di5] in poetry and songs

(before an adjective or verb) to the highest degree; (the) most ...; -est / (after 之) best or most extreme example (e.g. 世界之最 "the greatest in the world")

to go / to go to (a place) / (of a time etc) last / just passed / to send / to remove / to get rid of / to reduce / to be apart from in space or time / to die (euphemism) / to play (a part) / (when used either before or after a verb) to go in order to do sth / (after a verb of motion indicates movement away from the speaker) / (used after certain verbs to indicate detachment or separation)

good / appropriate; proper / all right! / (before a verb) easy to / (before a verb) good to / (before an adjective for exclamatory effect) so / (verb complement indicating completion) / (of two people) close; on intimate terms / (after a form of address) hello

after / later / afterwards / following / later on / in the future

structural particle: used after a verb (or adjective as main verb), linking it to following phrase indicating effect, degree, possibility etc

(literary) to call out; to command / (bound form) bugle; trumpet / (bound form) signal; bugle call (e.g. 起床號｜起床号) / (bound form) mark; sign / to mark; to label; to assign a number / (bound form) name; appellation (e.g. 國號｜国号, 年號｜年号, 遼寧號｜辽宁号) / (after a numeral) number designation (e.g. 237號房間｜237号房间 "Room 237") / day of the month (e.g. 七號｜七号 "the 7th") / (bound form) size; type; category (e.g. 五號電池｜五号电池) / (TCM) to feel (the pulse) (used in 號脈｜号脉) / classifier for numbered people or items

back / behind / rear / afterwards / after / later / post-

many; much; more; a lot of / too many; in excess / (after a numeral) ... odd / how (to what extent) (Taiwan pr. [duo2]) / (bound form) multi-; poly-

afternoon / CL: 個｜个 / p.m.

very; quite / (also, often used before an adjective without intensifying its meaning, i.e. as a meaningless syntactic element)

to carry (hanging down from the hand) / to lift / to put forward / to mention / to raise (an issue) / upwards character stroke / lifting brush stroke (in painting) / scoop for measuring liquid

not long (after) / before too long / soon / soon after

to lift / to hold up / to cite / to enumerate / to act / to raise / to choose / to elect / act / move / deed

to go out; to come out / to arise; to occur / to produce; to yield / to go beyond; to exceed / (used after a verb to indicate an outward direction or a positive result) / classifier for dramas, plays, operas etc

(after a noun) between; among; amid / (used after certain bisyllabic words to form expressions indicating a short period of time, e.g. 彈指之間｜弹指之间)

to come down / (completed action marker) / (after verb of motion, indicates motion down and towards us, also fig.) / (indicates continuation from the past towards us) / to be harvested (of crops) / to be over (of a period of time) / to go among the masses (said of leaders)

to think; to believe (often with the implication that the belief is mistaken – unless referring to one's own current belief)

half / semi- / incomplete / (after a number) and a half

behind / the back / the rear / later / afterwards / (in) the future

the day after tomorrow / life after birth (the period in which one develops through experiences, contrasted with 先天) / acquired (not innate or congenital) / a posteriori

left / the left side / to the left of

knife; blade; single-edged sword; cutlass (CL:把) / (slang) (loanword) dollar / classifier for sets of one hundred sheets (of paper) / classifier for knife cuts or stabs / (Internet slang) to bargain; to ask for a small discount (esp. on second-hand marketplaces) / (Internet slang) to knife (sb) (often used hyperbolically, as in 想刀他 "I could kill him!")

only / merely / no more than / but / however / anyway (to get back to a previous topic) / cannot be more (after adjectival)

again; once more; re- / further; beyond this point of time / (before an adjective) more / then (after sth, and not until then) / no matter how ... (followed by an adjective or verb, and then (usually) 也 or 都 for emphasis) / (used to introduce additional information, as in 再則｜再则, 再就是 etc) / (literary) to reappear; to reoccur

band / belt / girdle / ribbon / tire / area / zone / region / CL: 條｜条 / to wear / to carry / to take along / to bear (i.e. to have) / to lead / to bring / to look after / to raise

airport; airfield / (slang) service provider for Shadowsocks or similar software for circumventing Internet censorship / CL: 家, 處｜处

eye (CL:隻｜只,雙｜双) / (often used with 一) a look; a glance / small hole / (bound form) salient point / classifier for wells, cave-dwellings etc

not very (clear, far away etc); not too / not often; infrequently

to see; to look at / to read / to watch / to visit; to call on / to consider; to regard as / to look after / to treat (a patient or illness) / to depend on / to feel (that) / (after a verb) to give it a try / to watch out for

the back; the rear; the last bit / behind; near the end; at the back / later; afterwards

to take the initiative / to do sth of one's own accord / spontaneous / active / opposite: passive 被動｜被动 / drive (of gears and shafts etc)

zero / nought / zero sign / fractional / fragmentary / odd (of numbers) / (placed between two numbers to indicate a smaller quantity followed by a larger one) / fraction / (in mathematics) remainder (after division) / extra / to wither and fall / to wither

still; yet / to remain / (literary) frequently; often

to receive / to accept / to collect / to put away / to restrain / to stop / in care of (used on address line after name)

left and right / nearby / approximately / attendant / to control / to influence

frequently; constantly; regularly; often / day-to-day; everyday; daily

to arrange in order; to line up / to exclude; to eliminate; to repel; to expel; to discharge / (literary) to push aside; to force open / to rehearse / row; line / platoon / (bound form) steak; chop / (bound form) raft / classifier for rows or lines (of people or things)

to rise / to raise / to get up / to set out / to start / to appear / to launch / to initiate (action) / to draft / to establish / to get (from a depot or counter) / verb suffix, to start / starting from (a time, place, price etc) / classifier for occurrences or unpredictable events: case, instance / classifier for groups: batch, group

after; behind / (at the beginning of a sentence) afterwards; since then

the top and bottom of sth / the full vertical extent of sth; from top to bottom / to go up and down / before and after (as in 上下文 "context") / (used after a quantity) approximately; ... or so / (in a social hierarchy) the high and the low; seniors and juniors (as in 上下和睦 "harmony between superiors and subordinates") / all members of a group (as in 舉國上下｜举国上下 "the entire nation") / relative superiority (as in 不相上下 "evenly matched")

to come / (used as a substitute for a more specific verb) / hither (directional complement for motion toward the speaker, as in 回來｜回来) / ever since (as in 自古以來｜自古以来) / for the past (amount of time) / (prefix) the coming ...; the next ... (as in 來世｜来世) / (between two verbs) in order to / (after a round number) approximately / (used after 得 to indicate possibility, as in 談得來｜谈得来, or after 不 to indicate impossibility, as in 吃不來｜吃不来)

(after a suppositional clause) in that case; then / (after a clause of action) as soon as; immediately after / (same as 就是) merely; nothing else but; simply; just; precisely; exactly / only; as little as / as much as; as many as / to approach; to move towards / to undertake; to engage in / (often followed by 著｜着) taking advantage of / (of food) to go with / with regard to; concerning / (bound form) to reach; to attain (as in 一蹴而就) / (pattern: 就 ... 也 ...) even if ... still ... / (pattern: 不 ... 就 ...) if not ... then must be ...

(after a verb or adjective) one who (is) ... / (after a noun) person involved in ... / -er / -ist / (used after a number or 後｜后 or 前 to refer to sth mentioned previously) / (used after a term, to mark a pause before defining the term) / (old) (used at the end of a command) / (old) this

thin or slender / finely particulate / thin and soft / fine / delicate / trifling / (of a sound) quiet / frugal

south; southern direction / (in China) southern regions, often referring to areas south of the Yangtze River

although; even though (often used correlatively with 可是 or 但是 etc)

to take a nap in the afternoon

already / (bound form) to stop; to cease; to end / (literary) thereafter; afterward / (literary) too; excessively

to move (i.e. relocate oneself) / to move (sth relatively heavy or bulky) / to shift / to copy indiscriminately

consequences; aftermath

then; after that; afterwards

flour / noodles / (of food) soft (not crunchy) / (slang) (of a person) ineffectual / spineless

to fall / to drop / to lag behind / to lose / to go missing / to reduce / fall (in prices) / to lose (value, weight etc) / to wag / to swing / to turn / to change / to exchange / to swap / to show off / to shed (hair) / (used after certain verbs to express completion, fulfillment, removal etc)

to flow / to disseminate / to circulate or spread / to move or drift / to degenerate / to banish or send into exile / stream of water or sth resembling one / class, rate or grade

to work a shift / on duty

afterwards; later / newly arrived

to rest with; to lie in; to be due to (a certain attribute) / (often used in the negative) to care about

gift; present / CL: 件, 份

to remain; to be left over

(bound form) general; overall / to sum up / in every case; always; invariably / anyway; after all; eventually; sooner or later / surely / (after a person's name) abbr. for 總經理｜总经理 or 總編｜总编 etc

finally / in the end / when all is said and done / after all / to the end / to the last

careful; attentive; cautious / to be careful; to look out / (dialect) thrifty; frugal

to take care of / to show consideration / to attend to / to look after

to wrap; to pack / to put leftovers in a doggy bag for take-out / (computing) to package (i.e. create an archive file)

to add / (math.) plus / to increase; to augment / (used before a disyllabic verb, often after an adverb like 不, 大, 稍 etc, to indicate that the action applies to sth previously mentioned, as in 稍加改良 "make some minor improvements to (it)")

(particle equivalent to 啊 after a vowel, expressing surprise or doubt)

arts and crafts / industrial arts

usually / in many cases / more often than not

talent / gift / genius / talented / gifted

to pursue (a goal etc) stubbornly / to seek after / to woo

one after another / in succession / one by one / continuously / diverse / in profusion / numerous and confused / pell-mell

hereafter / henceforth / in the future / from now on

to move / to shift / to change / to alter / to remove

money wrapped in red as a gift / bonus payment / kickback / bribe

to touch briefly; to tap / to mark with a dot; to check off (on a list) / to order (food etc); to select / to mention; to bring up (a topic or person) / to hint at; to imply / to administer (eye medicine etc) in drops / to light (a fire, a lamp etc); to ignite / to nod (one's head) in agreement; to beckon by moving (one's hand) up and down / point; dot; spot; speck / dot stroke in Chinese characters / (math.) decimal point / point in time or space / (after a number) o'clock / a small amount; a bit; (after a verb or adjective) a bit more / classifier for small amounts

plain / informal / suitable / convenient / opportune / to urinate or defecate / equivalent to 就: then / in that case / even if / soon afterwards

to shift to an earlier date / to do sth ahead of time / in advance

(bound form) to walk; to go; to travel / (literary) trip; journey; visit / (bound form) temporary; makeshift / (bound form) current; in circulation / (bound form) to do; to perform / capable; competent / all right; OK!; will do / behavior; conduct (Taiwan pr. [xing4]) / (literary) about to; soon

to mention; to bring up / (lit. and fig.) to lift; to raise / to initiate (legal proceedings)

after the event / in hindsight / in retrospect

the location below sth / afterwards

to catch and hold on / to continue / to go on to do sth / to follow / to carry on / then / after that / subsequently / to proceed / to ensue / in turn / in one's turn

frequently; often

to enter; to go into / to join; to become a member of / (bound form) to conform to (as in 入時｜入时) / abbr. for 入聲｜入声 / (on product packaging, after {number n} + {classifier}) containing (n pieces) (from Japanese 入 "iri")

unusual; special / very; especially; particularly / expressly; for a specific purpose / (often followed by 是) in particular

Zhonghua, historical and cultural term for China, often used to denote Chinese civilization and identity (as in 中華文化｜中华文化 "Chinese culture") / used in the official name of the Republic of China, 中華民國｜中华民国

to string together / to skewer / to connect wrongly / to gang up / to rove / string / bunch / skewer / classifier for things that are strung together, or in a bunch, or in a row: string of, bunch of, series of / to make a swift or abrupt linear movement (like a bead on an abacus) / to move across

early or late; first and last; priority / in succession; one after another

after this / afterwards / hereafter

sentence-final particle, contraction of 了啊, indicating exclamation / particle placed after each item in a list of examples

to look after / to take care of / to watch / to guard

to change / to transform / shift / transformation / CL: 個｜个

round / lump / ball / to roll into a ball / to gather / regiment / group / society / classifier for a lump or a soft mass: wad (of paper), ball (of wool), cloud (of smoke)

Chinese set expression, typically of 4 characters, often alluding to a story or historical quotation; idiom; proverb; saying; adage / CL: 條｜条, 本, 句

to cover / to encase / cover / sheath / to overlap / to interleave / to model after / to copy / formula / harness / loop of rope / (fig.) to fish for / to obtain slyly / classifier for sets, collections / bend (of a river or mountain range, in place names) / tau (Greek letter Ττ)

since (used after a specified time or event)

gift / rite / ceremony / CL: 份 / propriety / etiquette / courtesy