| | (specifier) that; the; those (colloquial pr. [nei4]) / (pronoun) that (referring to persons, things or situations) / then (in that case) | HSK 1 |
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| | (bound form) up; upper; above; previous / first (of multiple parts) / to climb; to get onto; to go up / to attend (class or university) / (directional complement) up / (noun suffix) on; above | HSK 1 |
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| | also; too; as well; (not ...) either / (used after a verbal or nominal expression X to indicate that X is an extreme or unexpected case) even (X) / (literary) particle having functions similar to 啊 | HSK 1 |
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| | of; ~'s (possessive particle) / (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) / (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) / (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的|跑堂儿的 "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 "new one") / also pr. [di4] or [di5] in poetry and songs | HSK 1 |
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| | (before an adjective or verb) to the highest degree; (the) most ...; -est / (after 之) best or most extreme example (e.g. 世界之最 "the greatest in the world") | HSK 1 |
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| | to go / to go to (a place) / (of a time etc) last / just passed / to send / to remove / to get rid of / to reduce / to be apart from in space or time / to die (euphemism) / to play (a part) / (when used either before or after a verb) to go in order to do sth / (after a verb of motion indicates movement away from the speaker) / (used after certain verbs to indicate detachment or separation) | HSK 1 |
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| | from; through; via / (bound form) to follow / (bound form) to obey / (bound form) to engage in (an activity) / (used before a negative) ever / (bound form) (Taiwan pr. [zong4]) retainer; attendant / (bound form) (Taiwan pr. [zong4]) assistant; auxiliary; subordinate / (bound form) (Taiwan pr. [zong4]) related by common paternal grandfather or earlier ancestor | HSK 1 |
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| | to cover / to wrap / to hold / to include / to take charge of / to contract (to or for) / package / wrapper / container / bag / to hold or embrace / bundle / packet / CL: 個|个, 隻|只 | HSK 1 |
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| | to use; to make use of; to employ / (coverb) with; using / to need; to have to (usu. used in the negative or in questions) / usefulness; utility / (bound form) expense; outlay / (courteous) to eat; to drink / (literary) hence; therefore | HSK 1 |
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| | to make; to produce / to write; to compose / to do; to engage in; to hold (a party etc) / (of a person) to be (an intermediary, a good student etc); to become (husband and wife, friends etc) / (of a thing) to serve as; to be used for / to assume (an air or manner) | HSK 1 |
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| | horse / CL: 匹 / horse or cavalry piece in Chinese chess / knight in Western chess | HSK 3 |
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| | to exist; to be alive / (of sb or sth) to be (located) at / (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) | HSK 1 |
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| | structural particle: used after a verb (or adjective as main verb), linking it to following phrase indicating effect, degree, possibility etc | HSK 2 |
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| | nature / character / property / quality / attribute / sexuality / sex / gender / suffix forming adjective from verb / suffix forming noun from adjective, corresponding to -ness or -ity / essence / CL: 個|个 | HSK 3 |
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| | to go out; to come out / to arise; to occur / to produce; to yield / to go beyond; to exceed / (used after a verb to indicate an outward direction or a positive result) / classifier for dramas, plays, operas etc | HSK 1 |
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| | rapid / quick / speed / rate / soon / almost / to make haste / clever / sharp (of knives or wits) / forthright / plainspoken / gratified / pleased / pleasant | HSK 1 |
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| | fire / urgent / ammunition / fiery or flaming / internal heat (Chinese medicine) / hot (popular) / classifier for military units (old) / Kangxi radical 86 | HSK 3 |
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| | to reach; to arrive / to leave for; to go to / to (a place); until (a time); up to (a point) / (verb complement indicating arriving at a place or reaching a point) / considerate; thoughtful; thorough | HSK 1 |
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| | -ly / structural particle: used before a verb or adjective, linking it to preceding modifying adverbial adjunct | HSK 1 |
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| | mouth / classifier for things with mouths (people, domestic animals, cannons, wells etc) / classifier for bites or mouthfuls | HSK 1 |
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| | child; kid (used to refer to a child, or by an adult to address a child, or, in Taiwan, to refer to sb's own child) / CL: 個|个 | HSK 1 |
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| | to circle / to go back / to turn around / to answer / to return / to revolve / Hui ethnic group (Chinese Muslims) / time / classifier for acts of a play / section or chapter (of a classic book) | HSK 1 |
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| | to wait for; to await / by the time; when; till / and so on; etc.; et al. / (bound form) class; rank; grade / (bound form) equal to; same as / (used to end an enumeration) / (literary) (plural suffix attached to a personal pronoun or noun) | HSK 1 |
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| | ticket (for a bus or train) | HSK 1 |
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| | house / building (single- or two-story) / apartment / room / CL: 棟|栋, 幢, 座, 套, 間|间 | HSK 1 |
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| | to fall; to collapse; to lie horizontally / to fail; to go bankrupt / to overthrow / to change (trains or buses) / to move around / to resell at a profit | HSK 2 |
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| | to invert; to place upside down or frontside back / to pour out / to tip out; to dump / inverted; upside down; reversed / to go backward / contrary to what one might expect; but; yet | HSK 2 |
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| | to lean against or on / to stand by the side of / to come near to / to depend on / to trust / to fuck (vulgar) / traditional military costume drama where the performers wear armor (old) | HSK 2 |
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| | to strive for / to vie for / to argue or debate / deficient or lacking (dialect) / how or what (literary) | HSK 3 |
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| | ethnic Chinese person or people | HSK 3 |
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| | to divide; to separate / to distribute; to allocate / to distinguish (good and bad) / (bound form) branch of (an organization); sub- (as in 分局) / fraction / one tenth (of certain units) / unit of length equivalent to 0.33 cm / minute (unit of time) / minute (angular measurement unit) / a point (in sports or games) / 0.01 yuan (unit of money) | HSK 1 |
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| | the day after tomorrow / life after birth (the period in which one develops through experiences, contrasted with 先天) / acquired (not innate or congenital) / a posteriori | HSK 1 |
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| | actually / place / classifier for houses, small buildings, institutions etc / that which / particle introducing a relative clause or passive / CL: 個|个 | HSK 3 |
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| | lightning / electricity / electric (bound form) / to get (or give) an electric shock / phone call or telegram etc / to send via telephone or telegram etc | HSK 1 |
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| | to transmit / to dispatch / to issue (an official document or credential) | HSK 3 |
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| | to assign / to appoint / to take up a post / office / responsibility / to let / to allow / to give free rein to / no matter (how, what etc) / classifier for terms served in office, or for spouses, girlfriends etc (as in 前任男友) | HSK 3 |
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| | to hold; to grasp / to hold a baby in position to help it urinate or defecate / handlebar / classifier: handful, bundle, bunch / classifier for things with handles / (used to put the object before the verb: 把 + {noun} + {verb}) | HSK 3 |
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| | to be in (some state, position, or condition) | HSK 4 |
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| | specific topic (addressed by a book, lecture, TV program etc) / article, report or program etc on a specific topic | HSK 3 |
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| | knife; blade; single-edged sword; cutlass (CL: 把) / (slang) (loanword) dollar / classifier for sets of one hundred sheets (of paper) / classifier for knife cuts or stabs / (Internet slang) to bargain; to ask for a small discount (esp. on second-hand marketplaces) | HSK 3 |
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| | to get off or out of (a bus, train, car etc) | HSK 1 |
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| | name (of a person or thing) / CL: 個|个 | HSK 1 |
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| | stature; height; size (of a person or object) / (agriculture) bundle of cereal stalks tied together | HSK 2 |
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| | specialized; dedicated (to a particular field or purpose) / specially; specifically (for a particular purpose) / (of institutions, personnel etc) designated or assigned for a specific task; special | HSK 3 |
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| | home / family / (polite) my (sister, uncle etc) / classifier for families or businesses / refers to the philosophical schools of pre-Han China / noun suffix for a specialist in some activity, such as a musician or revolutionary, corresponding to English -ist, -er, -ary or -ian / CL: 個|个 | HSK 1 |
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| | again; once more; re- / further; beyond this point of time / (before an adjective) more / then (after sth, and not until then) / no matter how ... (followed by an adjective or verb, and then (usually) 也 or 都 for emphasis) / (used to introduce additional information, as in 再則|再则, 再就是 etc) / (literary) to reappear; to reoccur | HSK 1 |
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| | to ride / to mount / to make use of / to avail oneself of / to take advantage of / to multiply (math.) / Buddhist sect or creed | HSK 5 |
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| | that level or higher; that amount or more / the above-mentioned / (used to indicate that one has completed one's remarks) That is all. | HSK 2 |
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| | Chinese character dictionary (containing entries for single characters, contrasted with a 詞典|词典, which has entries for words of one or more characters) / (coll.) dictionary / CL: 本 | HSK 2 |
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| | head / hair style / the top / end / beginning or end / a stub / remnant / chief / boss / side / aspect / first / leading / classifier for pigs or livestock / CL: 個|个 | HSK 2 |
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| | airport; airfield / (slang) service provider for Shadowsocks or similar software for circumventing Internet censorship / CL: 家, 處|处 | HSK 1 |
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| | other / (sth or sb) else / the rest | HSK 2 |
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| | maybe / perhaps / might / possibly / or | HSK 2 |
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| | to see; to look at / to read / to watch / to visit; to call on / to consider; to regard as / to look after / to treat (a patient or illness) / to depend on / to feel (that) / (after a verb) to give it a try / to watch out for | HSK 1 |
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| | to work a temporary or casual job / (of students) to have a job outside of class time, or during vacation | HSK 2 |
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| | two / both / some / a few / tael, unit of weight equal to 50 grams (modern) or 1⁄16 of a catty 斤 (old) | HSK 1 |
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| | to get on or into (a bus, train, car etc) | HSK 1 |
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| | to receive / to answer (the phone) / to meet or welcome sb / to connect / to catch / to join / to extend / to take one's turn on duty / to take over for sb | HSK 2 |
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| | to be at home / (at a workplace) to be in (as opposed to being away on official business 出差) / (Buddhism etc) to remain a layman (as opposed to becoming a monk or a nun 出家) | HSK 1 |
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| | loose / to loosen / to relax / floss (dry, fluffy food product made from shredded, seasoned meat or fish, used as a topping or filling) | HSK 4 |
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| | once / already / former / previously / ever / (past tense marker used before verb or clause) | HSK 3 |
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| | (of time or place) in; at; on / (indicating any indirect relation) to; toward; vis-à-vis; with regard to; for / (indicating a source) from; out of / (used in comparison) than / (used in the passive voice) by | HSK 6 |
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| | to convene (a conference or meeting) / to convoke / to call together | HSK 4 |
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| | station / to stand / to halt / to stop / branch of a company or organization / website | HSK 1 |
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| | to take care of (a matter); to deal with (a task, procedure etc); to organize (an event) / to establish; to set up; to manage; to run (an enterprise) / (law) to handle; to investigate; to prosecute (a case or suspect) / (bound form) office (as in 招辦|招办, admissions office) (abbr. for 辦公室|办公室) | HSK 2 |
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| | treasured object / treasure / darling / baby / cowry / good-for-nothing or queer character | HSK 4 |
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| | like that; in that way; to that extent / (before a number) ... or so; about ... / then; in that case | HSK 2 |
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| | to walk; to go on foot / to leave; to depart / (informal) to clear off; to beat it / (of sb who gets fired or resigns) to leave the job; to get out | HSK 1 |
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| | finger / to point at or to / to indicate or refer to / to depend on / to count on / (of hair) to stand on end | HSK 3 |
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| | to rise / to raise / to get up / to set out / to start / to appear / to launch / to initiate (action) / to draft / to establish / to get (from a depot or counter) / verb suffix, to start / starting from (a time, place, price etc) / classifier for occurrences or unpredictable events: case, instance / classifier for groups: batch, group | HSK 1 |
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| | we or us (including both the speaker and the person(s) spoken to) / (dialect) I or me / (dialect) (in a coaxing or familiar way) you / also pr. [za2 men5] | HSK 2 |
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| | gate / door / CL: 扇 / gateway / doorway / CL: 個|个 / opening / valve / switch / way to do something / knack / family / house / (religious) sect / school (of thought) / class / category / phylum or division (taxonomy) / classifier for large guns / classifier for lessons, subjects, branches of technology / (suffix) -gate (i.e. scandal; derived from Watergate) | HSK 1 |
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| | individually; one by one / just one or two; exceptional; rare | HSK 4 |
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| | old man or woman / the elderly / one's aged parents or grandparents | HSK 1 |
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| | region; area (informal or geographical term) / prefecture (in China's administrative system) | HSK 3 |
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| | writing brush; writing implement (pen, pencil etc) (CL: 支, 枝) / brushstroke; stroke (in painting or calligraphy) / (bound form) style of writing; literary manner; technique of brushwork / (classifier) stroke of a Chinese character / (classifier) sum of money; financial transaction; piece of business / (literary) to write (with a brush or pen) | HSK 2 |
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| | to possess / to have / equipped with / able to fulfill (conditions or requirements) | HSK 4 |
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| | straight / to straighten / fair and reasonable / frank / straightforward / (indicates continuing motion or action) / vertical / vertical downward stroke in Chinese characters | HSK 3 |
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| | the top and bottom of sth / the full vertical extent of sth; from top to bottom / to go up and down / before and after (as in 上下文 "context") / (used after a quantity) approximately; ... or so / (in a social hierarchy) the high and the low; seniors and juniors (as in 上下和睦 "harmony between superiors and subordinates") / all members of a group (as in 舉國上下|举国上下 "the entire nation") / relative superiority (as in 不相上下 "evenly matched") | HSK 5 |
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| | foot / leg (of an animal or an object) / base (of an object) / CL: 雙|双, 隻|只 / classifier for kicks | HSK 2 |
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| | undertaking / project / activity / (charitable, political or revolutionary) cause / publicly funded institution, enterprise or foundation / career / occupation / CL: 個|个 | HSK 3 |
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| | to come / (used as a substitute for a more specific verb) / hither (directional complement for motion toward the speaker, as in 回來|回来) / ever since (as in 自古以來|自古以来) / for the past (amount of time) / (prefix) the coming ...; the next ... (as in 來世|来世) / (between two verbs) in order to / (after a round number) approximately / (used after 得 to indicate possibility, as in 談得來|谈得来, or after 不 to indicate impossibility, as in 吃不來|吃不来) | HSK 1 |
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| | contrary / in reverse / inside out or upside down / to reverse / to return / to oppose / opposite / against / anti- / to rebel / to use analogy / instead / abbr. for 反切 phonetic system | HSK 4 |
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| | in confusion or disorder / in a confused state of mind / disorder / upheaval / riot / illicit sexual relations / to throw into disorder / to mix up / indiscriminate / random / arbitrary | HSK 3 |
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| | (after a verb or adjective) one who (is) ... / (after a noun) person involved in ... / -er / -ist / (used after a number or 後|后 or 前 to refer to sth mentioned previously) / (used after a term, to mark a pause before defining the term) / (old) (used at the end of a command) / (old) this | HSK 3 |
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| | thin or slender / finely particulate / thin and soft / fine / delicate / trifling / (of a sound) quiet / frugal | HSK 4 |
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| | that level or lower / that amount or less / the following | HSK 2 |
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| | (bound form) article; commodity; product; goods / (bound form) grade; rank / kind; type; variety / character; disposition; nature; temperament / to taste sth; to sample / to criticize; to comment; to judge; to size up / fret (on a guitar or lute) | HSK 5 |
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| | to break / to snap / to cut off / to give up or abstain from sth / to judge / (usu. used in the negative) absolutely / definitely / decidedly | HSK 3 |
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| | quilt / to cover (with) / (literary) to suffer (a misfortune) / used to indicate passive voice (placed before the doer of the action like "by" in English passive-voice sentences, or, if the doer is not mentioned, before the verb) / (since c. 2009) (sarcastic or jocular) used to indicate that the following word should be regarded as being in air quotes (as in 被旅遊|被旅游 to "go on a trip") | HSK 3 |
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| | although; even though (often used correlatively with 可是 or 但是 etc) | HSK 2 |
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| | to promote (an idea or cause); to advance; boost | HSK 4 |
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| | to move (i.e. relocate oneself) / to move (sth relatively heavy or bulky) / to shift / to copy indiscriminately | HSK 3 |
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| | everyone present / the whole audience / across-the-board / unanimously / whole duration (of a competition or match) | HSK 3 |
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| | to organize / to host (a conference or sports event) | HSK 5 |
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| | to pay; to expend; to invest (energy or time) | HSK 4 |
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| | is or isn't / yes or no / whether or not | HSK 1 |
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| | have no choice or option but to / cannot but / have to / can't help it / can't avoid | HSK 3 |
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| | second of the ten Heavenly Stems 十天干 / second in order / letter "B" or Roman "II" in list "A, B, C", or "I, II, III" etc / second party (in legal contract, usually 乙方, as opposed to 甲方) / ethyl / bent / winding / radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 5) / ancient Chinese compass point: 105° | HSK 5 |
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| | to act on behalf of sb in a responsible position / to act as an agent or proxy / surrogate / (computing) proxy | HSK 5 |
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