| | bitter / hardship / pain / to suffer / to bring suffering to / painstakingly | HSK 4 |
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| | bitter work / hard toil / (loanword) coolie, unskilled Chinese laborer in colonial times | HSK 7-9 |
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| | suffering | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to train hard / to practice diligently / hard work / blood, sweat, and tears | HSK 7-9 |
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| | painstaking effort / to take a lot of trouble / laborious at pains | HSK 7-9 |
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| | vexed / distressed | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to force a smile / a bitter laugh | HSK 7-9 |
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| | (coll.) miserable; wretched | |
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| | bitter melon (bitter gourd, balsam pear, balsam apple, leprosy gourd, bitter cucumber) | |
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| | pain / suffering | |
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| | bitter taste / bitterness | |
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| | to suffer from (a disadvantage) | |
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| | depressed / dejected / feeling low | |
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| | hard lot / bitter fate / unfortunate | |
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| | secret trouble / sorrow / difficulties | |
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| | to suffer unspeakable misery / indescribably painful / hellish | |
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| | lit. sea of bitterness / abyss of worldly suffering (Buddhist term) / depths of misery | |
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| | (idiom) great bitterness and deep hatred; deeply ingrained long-standing resentment | |
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| | suffering / misery / pain (esp. psychological) | |
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| | bitter cold | |
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| | lit. bitter fruit / fig. painful consequence | |
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| | grievance / dire straits | |
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| | bitter water (e.g. mineral water containing sulfates) / suffering / digestive fluids rising from stomach to the mouth / fig. bitter complaint | |
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| | bitter and astringent / pained / agonized | |
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| | sufferings | |
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| | to work hard | |
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| | (old) the family of the victim in a murder case / (Tw, HK) victim (of a crime, misfortune etc) / (Tw) (coll.) person who bears the burden while others benefit | |
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| | earnest and well-meaning advice (idiom); to persuade patiently | |
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| | bitter struggle / hard battle / arduous effort | |
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| | ascetic monk | |
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| | bitterness finishes, sweetness begins (idiom); the hard times are over, the good times just beginning | |
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| | wormwood / Artemisia absinthium | |
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| | to make painstaking efforts (idiom); after much trouble / to work hard at sth | |
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| | hard labor (in penal code) / coolie | |
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| | lit. bitter taste (cf good medicine tastes bitter 良藥苦口｜良药苦口) / fig. earnestly (of warning, advice) | |
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| | to find joy in sorrows (idiom); to enjoy sth in spite of one's suffering | |
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| | forced labor / corvée / penal servitude | |
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| | to think hard / bitter thoughts / to pour out one's sufferings | |
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| | bitter bamboo (Pleioblastus amarus) | |
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| | strenuously / persistently / hard / painful | |
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| | gallbladder | |
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| | The sea of bitterness has no bounds, turn your head to see the shore (idiom). Only Buddhist enlightenment can allow one to shed off the abyss of worldly suffering. / Repent and ye shall be saved! | |
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| | hard work / laborious effort / painstaking work | |
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| | to build up an enterprise through painstaking efforts | |
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| | (idiom) to think deeply; to rack one's brains | |
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| | ascetic practice | |
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| | to endure (years of suffering) | |
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| | hard times | |
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| | torture / corporal punishment (traditionally involving mutilation or amputation) | |
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| | hard task / difficult mission / arduous and unrewarding undertaking / drudgery / grind / chore | |
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| | wretched situation / plight / wretched / miserable | |
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| | absinthe (distilled anise-based liquor) | |
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| | Bitter Herbs, 1958 novel by Feng Deying 馮德英｜冯德英, made into a film in 1965 | |
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| | the trick of injuring oneself to gain the enemy's confidence / CL: 條｜条 | |
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| | to have difficulty getting by / to struggle (financially etc) | |
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| | to admonish strenuously | |
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| | chinaberry (Melia azedarach) | |
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| | endive | |
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| | chinaberry (Melia azedarach) | |
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| | cutleaf ground-cherry / Physalis angulata | |
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| | treat harshly | |
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| | underlying cause of poverty | |
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| | sour expression on one's face | |
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| | endive | |
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| | bitter sweet | |
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| | to entreat piteously / to implore | |
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| | (loanword) coup d'état | |
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| | deep grief / extensive sorrow | |
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| | slightly bitter | |
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| | hard job / arduous task | |
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| | toil / hard work | |
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| | liquorice (Sophora flavescens), with roots used in TCM | |
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| | affliction | |
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| | amygdalin | |
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| | wretched state / miserable plight | |
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| | bitter work / sweated labor | |
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| | sea of bitterness is vast (idiom) | |
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| | (slang) prison | |
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| | Ixeris denticulata | |
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| | suffering / distress | |
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| | penance (to atone for a sin) | |
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| | wretched feelings (opposite: 樂趣｜乐趣, delight) | |
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| | (loanword) coup d'état | |
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| | the Four Noble Truths (Budd.), namely: all life is suffering 苦, the cause of suffering is desire 集, emancipation comes only by eliminating passions 滅｜灭, the way 道 to emancipation is the Eight-fold Noble Way 八正道 / also called 四諦｜四谛 | |
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