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Simplified Pīnyīn		English Definition	Traditional HSK
辛苦 xīnkǔ	辛苦 \| 辛苦* \| *辛苦	exhausting / hard / tough / arduous / to work hard / to go to a lot of trouble / hardship(s)	HSK 4


苦 kǔ	苦 \| 苦* \| *苦	bitter / hardship / pain / to suffer / to bring suffering to / painstakingly	HSK 4


痛苦 tòngkǔ	痛苦 \| 痛苦* \| *痛苦	pain / suffering / painful / CL: 個｜个	HSK 5


艰苦 jiānkǔ	艰苦 \| 艰苦* \| *艰苦	difficult / hard / arduous	艱苦 HSK 5


刻苦 kèkǔ	刻苦 \| 刻苦* \| *刻苦	hardworking / assiduous	HSK 5


苦涩 kǔsè	苦涩 \| 苦涩* \| *苦涩	bitter and astringent / pained / agonized	苦澀 HSK 6


苦尽甘来 kǔjìngānlái	苦尽甘来 \| 苦尽甘来* \| *苦尽甘来	bitterness finishes, sweetness begins (idiom); the hard times are over, the good times just beginning	苦盡甘來 HSK 6


苦难 kǔnàn	苦难 \| 苦难* \| *苦难	suffering	苦難


苦恼 kǔnǎo	苦恼 \| 苦恼* \| *苦恼	vexed / distressed	苦惱


吃苦耐劳 chīkǔnàiláo	吃苦耐劳 \| 吃苦耐劳* \| *吃苦耐劳	hardworking and enduring hardships (idiom)	吃苦耐勞


苦苦 kǔkǔ	苦苦 \| 苦苦* \| *苦苦	strenuously / persistently / hard / painful


艰苦奋斗 jiānkǔfèndòu	艰苦奋斗 \| 艰苦奋斗* \| *艰苦奋斗	to struggle arduously	艱苦奮鬥


辛辛苦苦 xīnxīnkǔkǔ	辛辛苦苦 \| 辛辛苦苦* \| *辛辛苦苦	painstakingly / with great trouble


苦力 kǔlì	苦力 \| 苦力* \| *苦力	bitter work / hard toil / (loanword) coolie, unskilled Chinese laborer in colonial times


困苦 kùnkǔ	困苦 \| 困苦* \| *困苦	deprivation / distressed / miserable


刻苦钻研 kèkǔzuānyán	刻苦钻研 \| 刻苦钻研* \| *刻苦钻研	to study diligently	刻苦鑽研


吃苦 chīkǔ	吃苦 \| 吃苦* \| *吃苦	to bear hardships


苦不堪言 kǔbùkānyán	苦不堪言 \| 苦不堪言* \| *苦不堪言	to suffer unspeakable misery / indescribably painful / hellish


何苦 hékǔ	何苦 \| 何苦* \| *何苦	why bother? / is it worth the trouble?


疾苦 jíkǔ	疾苦 \| 疾苦* \| *疾苦	pain and difficulties / suffering (of the people)


苦寒 kǔhán	苦寒 \| 苦寒* \| *苦寒	bitter cold


酸甜苦辣 suāntiánkǔlà	酸甜苦辣 \| 酸甜苦辣* \| *酸甜苦辣	sour, sweet, bitter and spicy hot / fig. the joys and sorrows of life


埋头苦干 máitóukǔgàn	埋头苦干 \| 埋头苦干* \| *埋头苦干	to bury oneself in work (idiom); to be engrossed in work / to make an all-out effort / up to the neck in work	埋頭苦幹


苦练 kǔliàn	苦练 \| 苦练* \| *苦练	to train hard / to practice diligently / hard work / blood, sweat, and tears	苦練


苦海 kǔhǎi	苦海 \| 苦海* \| *苦海	lit. sea of bitterness / abyss of worldly suffering (Buddhist term) / depths of misery


苦战 kǔzhàn	苦战 \| 苦战* \| *苦战	bitter struggle / hard battle / arduous effort	苦戰


受苦 shòukǔ	受苦 \| 受苦* \| *受苦	to suffer hardship


贫苦 pínkǔ	贫苦 \| 贫苦* \| *贫苦	poverty-stricken / poor	貧苦


劳苦 láokǔ	劳苦 \| 劳苦* \| *劳苦	to toil / hard work	勞苦


挖苦 wākǔ	挖苦 \| 挖苦* \| *挖苦	to speak sarcastically / to make cutting remarks


苦于 kǔyú	苦于 \| 苦于* \| *苦于	to suffer from (a disadvantage)	苦於


苦衷 kǔzhōng	苦衷 \| 苦衷* \| *苦衷	secret trouble / sorrow / difficulties


苦闷 kǔmèn	苦闷 \| 苦闷* \| *苦闷	depressed / dejected / feeling low	苦悶


千辛万苦 qiānxīnwànkǔ	千辛万苦 \| 千辛万苦* \| *千辛万苦	to suffer untold hardships (idiom); trials and tribulations / with difficulty / after some effort	千辛萬苦


刻苦学习 kèkǔxuéxí	刻苦学习 \| 刻苦学习* \| *刻苦学习	to study hard / assiduous	刻苦學習


穷苦 qióngkǔ	穷苦 \| 穷苦* \| *穷苦	impoverished / destitute	窮苦


苦头 kǔtou	苦头 \| 苦头* \| *苦头	sufferings	苦頭


含辛茹苦 hánxīnrúkǔ	含辛茹苦 \| 含辛茹苦* \| *含辛茹苦	to suffer every possible torment (idiom); bitter hardship / to bear one's cross


苦苦哀求 kǔkǔ'āiqiú	苦苦哀求 \| 苦苦哀求* \| *苦苦哀求	to entreat piteously / to implore


苦肉计 kǔròujì	苦肉计 \| 苦肉计* \| *苦肉计	the trick of injuring oneself to gain the enemy's confidence / CL: 條｜条	苦肉計


清苦 qīngkǔ	清苦 \| 清苦* \| *清苦	destitute but honest / poor and simple / spartan / austere


不辞辛苦 bùcíxīnkǔ	不辞辛苦 \| 不辞辛苦* \| *不辞辛苦	to make nothing of hardships	不辭辛苦


苦心经营 kǔxīnjīngyíng	苦心经营 \| 苦心经营* \| *苦心经营	to build up an enterprise through painstaking efforts	苦心經營


自讨苦吃 zìtǎokǔchī	自讨苦吃 \| 自讨苦吃* \| *自讨苦吃	to ask for trouble (idiom) / to make a rod for one's own back	自討苦吃


煞费苦心 shàfèikǔxīn	煞费苦心 \| 煞费苦心* \| *煞费苦心	to take a lot of trouble (idiom); painstaking / at the cost of a lot of effort	煞費苦心


苦笑 kǔxiào	苦笑 \| 苦笑* \| *苦笑	to force a smile / a bitter laugh


诉苦 sùkǔ	诉苦 \| 诉苦* \| *诉苦	to grumble / to complain / grievance	訴苦


苦劳 kǔláo	苦劳 \| 苦劳* \| *苦劳	toil / hard work	苦勞


悲苦 bēikǔ	悲苦 \| 悲苦* \| *悲苦	forlorn / miserable


苦干 kǔgàn	苦干 \| 苦干* \| *苦干	to work hard	苦幹


苦口婆心 kǔkǒupóxīn	苦口婆心 \| 苦口婆心* \| *苦口婆心	earnest and well-meaning advice (idiom); to persuade patiently


苦思冥想 kǔsīmíngxiǎng	苦思冥想 \| 苦思冥想* \| *苦思冥想	to consider from all angles (idiom); to think hard / to rack one's brains


吐苦水 tǔkǔshuǐ	吐苦水 \| 吐苦水* \| *吐苦水	to have bitter digestive fluids rising to the mouth / fig. to complain bitterly / to pour out one's sufferings


学习刻苦 xuéxíkèkǔ	学习刻苦 \| 学习刻苦* \| *学习刻苦	to study hard / assiduous	學習刻苦


孤苦伶仃 gūkǔlíngdīng	孤苦伶仃 \| 孤苦伶仃* \| *孤苦伶仃	solitary and impoverished (idiom)


同甘共苦 tónggāngòngkǔ	同甘共苦 \| 同甘共苦* \| *同甘共苦	shared delights and common hardships (idiom); to share life's joys and sorrows / for better or for worse


苦思 kǔsī	苦思 \| 苦思* \| *苦思	to think hard / bitter thoughts / to pour out one's sufferings


苦大仇深 kǔdàchóushēn	苦大仇深 \| 苦大仇深* \| *苦大仇深	great bitterness, deep hatred (idiom); deeply ingrained long-standing resentment


有苦说不出 yǒukǔshuōbuchū	有苦说不出 \| 有苦说不出* \| *有苦说不出	having unspeakable bitter suffering / (often used after 啞巴吃黃連｜哑巴吃黄连)	有苦說不出


不辞劳苦 bùcíláokǔ	不辞劳苦 \| 不辞劳苦* \| *不辞劳苦	to spare no effort	不辭勞苦


愁眉苦脸 chóuméikǔliǎn	愁眉苦脸 \| 愁眉苦脸* \| *愁眉苦脸	to look anxious (idiom) / to look miserable	愁眉苦臉


苦瓜 kǔguā	苦瓜 \| 苦瓜* \| *苦瓜	bitter melon (bitter gourd, balsam pear, balsam apple, leprosy gourd, bitter cucumber)


苦口 kǔkǒu	苦口 \| 苦口* \| *苦口	lit. bitter taste (cf good medicine tastes bitter 良藥苦口｜良药苦口) / fig. earnestly (of warning, advice)


离苦得乐 líkǔdélè	离苦得乐 \| 离苦得乐* \| *离苦得乐	to abandon suffering and obtain happiness (Buddhism)	離苦得樂


苦参 kǔshēn	苦参 \| 苦参* \| *苦参	liquorice (Sophora flavescens), with roots used in TCM	苦參


勤学苦练 qínxuékǔliàn	勤学苦练 \| 勤学苦练* \| *勤学苦练	to study diligently / to train assiduously	勤學苦練


勤奋刻苦 qínfènkèkǔ	勤奋刻苦 \| 勤奋刻苦* \| *勤奋刻苦	diligent / assiduous	勤奮刻苦


苦水 kǔshuǐ	苦水 \| 苦水* \| *苦水	bitter water (e.g. mineral water containing sulfates) / suffering / digestive fluids rising from stomach to the mouth / fig. bitter complaint


叫苦 jiàokǔ	叫苦 \| 叫苦* \| *叫苦	to whine about hardships / to complain of one's bitter lot / to complain / to grumble


用心良苦 yòngxīnliángkǔ	用心良苦 \| 用心良苦* \| *用心良苦	to ponder earnestly / to give a lot of thought to sth


倒苦水 dàokǔshuǐ	倒苦水 \| 倒苦水* \| *倒苦水	to pour out one's grievances


苦艾 kǔ'ài	苦艾 \| 苦艾* \| *苦艾	wormwood / Artemisia absinthium


苦处 kǔchu	苦处 \| 苦处* \| *苦处	suffering / distress	苦處


苦胆 kǔdǎn	苦胆 \| 苦胆* \| *苦胆	gall bladder	苦膽


苦命 kǔmìng	苦命 \| 苦命* \| *苦命	hard lot / bitter fate / unfortunate


愁苦 chóukǔ	愁苦 \| 愁苦* \| *愁苦	anxiety / distress


病苦 bìngkǔ	病苦 \| 病苦* \| *病苦	pains (of illness) / sufferings (esp. in Buddhism)


苦果 kǔguǒ	苦果 \| 苦果* \| *苦果	lit. bitter fruit / fig. painful consequence


艰苦朴素 jiānkǔpǔsù	艰苦朴素 \| 艰苦朴素* \| *艰苦朴素	leading a plain, hardworking life (idiom)	艱苦樸素


冥思苦想 míngsīkǔxiǎng	冥思苦想 \| 冥思苦想* \| *冥思苦想	to consider from all angles (idiom); to think hard / to rack one's brains


良药苦口 liángyàokǔkǒu	良药苦口 \| 良药苦口* \| *良药苦口	good medicine tastes bitter (idiom); fig. frank criticism is hard to swallow	良藥苦口


吃苦头 chīkǔtou	吃苦头 \| 吃苦头* \| *吃苦头	to suffer / to suffer for one's actions / to pay dearly / to burn one's fingers	吃苦頭


苦中作乐 kǔzhōngzuòlè	苦中作乐 \| 苦中作乐* \| *苦中作乐	to find joy in sorrows (idiom); to enjoy sth in spite of one's suffering	苦中作樂


苦日子 kǔrìzi	苦日子 \| 苦日子* \| *苦日子	hard times


叫苦不迭 jiàokǔbudié	叫苦不迭 \| 叫苦不迭* \| *叫苦不迭	to complain without stopping (idiom); to bitch endlessly / incessant grievances


苦心孤诣 kǔxīngūyì	苦心孤诣 \| 苦心孤诣* \| *苦心孤诣	to make painstaking efforts (idiom); after much trouble / to work hard at sth	苦心孤詣


卖苦力 màikǔlì	卖苦力 \| 卖苦力* \| *卖苦力	to make a hard living as unskilled laborer	賣苦力


苦功 kǔgōng	苦功 \| 苦功* \| *苦功	hard work / laborious effort / painstaking work


脱离苦海 tuōlíkǔhǎi	脱离苦海 \| 脱离苦海* \| *脱离苦海	to escape from the abyss of suffering / to shed off a wretched plight	脫離苦海


苦役 kǔyì	苦役 \| 苦役* \| *苦役	forced labor / corvée / penal servitude


命苦 mìngkǔ	命苦 \| 命苦* \| *命苦	to be born under an ill star


苦苣 kǔjù	苦苣 \| 苦苣* \| *苦苣	endive


吃得苦中苦，方为人上人 chīdékǔzhōngkǔ, fāngwéirénshàngrén	吃得…上人 \| 吃得…上人* \| *吃得…上人	one cannot achieve glory and wealth without having been through trials and tribulations (proverb) / no pain, no gain	吃得苦中苦，方為人上人


甘苦 gānkǔ	甘苦 \| 甘苦* \| *甘苦	good times and hardships / joys and tribulations / for better or for worse


自找苦吃 zìzhǎokǔchī	自找苦吃 \| 自找苦吃* \| *自找苦吃	to bring trouble on oneself


苦味 kǔwèi	苦味 \| 苦味* \| *苦味	bitter taste / bitterness


苦心 kǔxīn	苦心 \| 苦心* \| *苦心	painstaking effort / to take a lot of trouble / laborious at pains


凄风苦雨 qīfēngkǔyǔ	凄风苦雨 \| 凄风苦雨* \| *凄风苦雨	lit. bleak wind and icy rain (idiom) / fig. hardships / miserable circumstances	淒風苦雨


苦瓜脸 kǔguāliǎn	苦瓜脸 \| 苦瓜脸* \| *苦瓜脸	sour expression on one's face	苦瓜臉


苦艾酒 kǔ'àijiǔ	苦艾酒 \| 苦艾酒* \| *苦艾酒	absinthe (distilled anise-based liquor)


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