| | because of / for / to | HSK 2 |
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| | as (in the capacity of) / to take sth as / to act as / to serve as / to behave as / to become / to be / to do / by (in the passive voice) | HSK 3 |
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|
| | to divide sth into (parts); to subdivide | HSK 4 |
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|
| | to think; to believe (often with the implication that the belief is mistaken – unless referring to one's own current belief) | HSK 2 |
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|
| | to become; to turn into | HSK 2 |
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| | one's conduct / deed / activity / accomplishment / achievement / to act as / as (in the capacity of) / qua / to view as / to look upon (sth as) / to take sth to be | HSK 4 |
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|
| | because / owing to / on account of | HSK 2 |
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|
| | to be called; to be known as; to call it "..." | HSK 3 |
|
|
| | for; for the purpose of; in order to | HSK 3 |
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| | to rely mainly on / to attach most importance to | HSK 5 |
|
|
| | why? / for what reason? | HSK 2 |
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|
| | to change into | HSK 3 |
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|
| | action / conduct / behavior / activity | HSK 2 |
|
|
| | to believe; to think; to consider; to feel | HSK 2 |
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|
| | until / (used in combination with words like 到 or 至 in constructs of the form 到... 為止｜到... 为止) | HSK 5 |
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| | to be classified as | HSK 4 |
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| | to feel embarrassed or awkward / to make things difficult (for someone) / to find things difficult (to do or manage) | HSK 5 |
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| | (to be done) by (a certain date) / lasting (a certain time) | HSK 5 |
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| | why | HSK 6 |
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| | for this reason / with regards to this / in this respect / in order to do this / to this end | HSK 6 |
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| | to weigh one's abilities and act accordingly / to act according to one's means / to cut one's coat according to one's cloth | |
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| | to believe oneself infallible (idiom) / to be opinionated | HSK 7-9 |
|
|
| | one divides into two / to be two-sided / there are two sides to everything / to see both sb's good points and shortcomings (idiom) | |
|
|
| | to conduct oneself / behavior; conduct; personal character | HSK 7-9 |
|
|
| | not to accept as correct (idiom); to object / to disapprove / to take exception to | HSK 7-9 |
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| | one's conduct and deeds | HSK 7-9 |
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|
| | to view as / to see as / to consider to be / to deem | HSK 5 |
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| | (idiom) teacher for one day, father forever; students should have deep respect and lifelong gratitude for their teachers | |
|
|
| | to turn peril into safety (idiom); to avert disaster | HSK 7-9 |
|
|
| | (idiom) to be wealthy and heartless | |
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| | | |
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| | especially | HSK 7-9 |
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| | extremely; exceedingly | HSK 7-9 |
|
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| | (idiom) the first impression is the strongest; to hold a preconceived notion (about sth) | |
|
|
| | to advance gradually and entrench oneself at every step / to consolidate at every step | |
|
|
| | (idiom) it's a deal / that's settled then | |
|
|
| | not an exaggeration / not excessive / not wide of the mark | |
|
|
| | with great prospects for the future (idiom); well worth doing | HSK 7-9 |
|
|
| | to learn from history (idiom) | |
|
|
| | mutually dependent for life (idiom); to rely upon one another for survival / interdependent | HSK 7-9 |
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|
| | business activity / commercial activity | |
|
|
| | to confuse one thing with another (idiom); to muddle | |
|
|
| | not at all surprising (idiom) | |
|
|
| | to elect as / to choose as / to consider as | |
|
|
| | to be of service to others / to help others / benevolent | |
|
|
| | to view as dangerous (idiom); afraid to do sth | |
|
|
| | artificial / man-made / having human cause or origin / human attempt or effort | HSK 7-9 |
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|
| | (idiom) powerless to do anything about it | HSK 7-9 |
|
|
| | lit. to be astonished as if beholding a heavenly being (idiom) / fig. to be astounded by sb's or sth's extraordinary beauty or excellence | |
|
|
| | there are three ways to be unfilial; having no sons is the worst (from Mencius 孟子) | |
|
|
| | to combine | |
|
|
| | for sb / for others' interest | |
|
|
| | lit. to be the meat on sb's chopping block (idiom) / fig. to be at sb's mercy | |
|
|
| | to take sth to be true | |
|
|
| | to act as / used erroneously for 作為｜作为 | |
|
|
| | to stop at this point / to end here / to call it a day | |
|
|
| | to do sth on behalf of sb else | |
|
|
| | to be not worth mentioning | |
|
|
| | | |
|
|
| | to take sth as a warning (idiom) / to draw a lesson from a case where things turned out badly | |
|
|
| | until now; so far | |
|
|
| | to regard the four corners of the world all as home (idiom) / to feel at home anywhere / to roam about unconstrained / to consider the entire country, or world, to be one's own | |
|
|
| | lit. the guest acts as host (idiom); fig. to turn from passive to active behavior | |
|
|
| | the rarer sth is, the greater its value (idiom) | |
|
|
| | to be considered to be / to be defined to be / to be called | |
|
|
| | Serve the People!, CCP political slogan | |
|
|
| | can be regarded as; qualifies as (something positive) | |
|
|
| | mercy as the guiding principle (idiom); the Buddhist teaching that nothing is valid except compassion | |
|
|
| | | |
|
|
| | not at all surprising (idiom) | |
|
|
| | mutually related karma (idiom); fates are intertwined / interdependent | |
|
|
| | harmony is to be prized | |
|
|
| | so far / up to now / still (not) | HSK 7-9 |
|
|
| | (idiom, from the Analects) (usu. of a passer-by who comes across a critical situation) to step in and help; to take brave or selfless action | HSK 7-9 |
|
|
| | people-oriented | |
|
|
| | premature / too soon | |
|
|
| | what is / (old) what for / (in a rhetorical question) it's no use | |
|
|
| | (old) why | |
|
|
| | even more | |
|
|
| | | |
|
|
| | not to mind / unconcerned | |
|
|
| | to appropriate to oneself (what rightfully belongs to others) | |
|
|
| | to do things each in one's own way | |
|
|
| | If you don't want anyone to know, don't do it (idiom). fig. If you do something bad, people will inevitably hear about it. | |
|
|
| | to get sth off one's chest | |
|
|
| | to remain unmoved | |
|
|
| | (idiom) strike first to gain the upper hand | |
|
|
| | Food is the God of the people. (idiom); People view food as the primary need. / Food first, ethical niceties second | |
|
|
| | used in the construction 以... 為例｜以... 为例, "to take ... as an example" | |
|
|
| | (Internet slang) why? | |
|
|
| | not known to anyone / secret / unknown | HSK 7-9 |
|
|
| | one cannot achieve glory and wealth without having been through trials and tribulations (proverb) / no pain, no gain | |
|
|
| | what is there against it? (rhetorical question indicating an eagerness or willingness to do sth) | |
|
|
| | Kang Youwei (1858-1927), Confucian intellectual, educator and would-be reformer, main leader of the failed reform movement of 1898 | |
|
|
| | slightly | |
|
|
| | to convert an enemy into a friend (idiom) | |
|
|
| | refrain from going to extremes in meting out punishment / not be too hard on subject | |
|
|
| | packed with people / overcrowded / overpopulation | |
|
|
| | to turn defeat into victory (idiom); to turn the tide | |
|
|
| | antisocial behavior | |
|
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