| | why? / for what reason? | HSK 2 |
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| | because / owing to / on account of | HSK 2 |
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| | to become; to turn into | HSK 2 |
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| | for; for the purpose of; in order to | HSK 3 |
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| | to think; to believe (often with the implication that the belief is mistaken – unless referring to one's own current belief) | HSK 2 |
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| | to divide sth into (parts); to subdivide | HSK 4 |
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| | to be called; to be known as; to call it "..." | HSK 3 |
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| | action / conduct / behavior / activity | HSK 2 |
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| | one's conduct / deed / activity / accomplishment / achievement / to act as / as (in the capacity of) / qua / to view as / to look upon (sth as) / to take sth to be | HSK 4 |
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| | to believe; to think; to consider; to feel | HSK 2 |
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| | to change into | HSK 3 |
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| | to rely mainly on / to attach most importance to | HSK 5 |
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| | to feel embarrassed or awkward / to make things difficult (for someone) / to find things difficult (to do or manage) | HSK 5 |
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| | because of / for / to | HSK 2 |
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| | to be classified as | HSK 4 |
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| | to view as / to see as / to consider to be / to deem | HSK 5 |
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| | as (in the capacity of) / to take sth as / to act as / to serve as / to behave as / to become / to be / to do / by (in the passive voice) | HSK 3 |
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| | (to be done) by (a certain date) / lasting (a certain time) | HSK 5 |
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| | until / (used in combination with words like 到 or 至 in constructs of the form 到... 為止｜到... 为止) | HSK 5 |
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| | to conduct oneself / behavior; conduct; personal character | HSK 7-9 |
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| | why | HSK 6 |
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| | artificial / man-made / having human cause or origin / human attempt or effort | HSK 7-9 |
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| | not to accept as correct (idiom); to object / to disapprove / to take exception to | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to change into | HSK 7-9 |
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| | for this reason / with regards to this / in this respect / in order to do this / to this end | HSK 6 |
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| | to act as / used erroneously for 作為｜作为 | |
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| | to believe oneself infallible (idiom) / to be opinionated | HSK 7-9 |
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| | business activity / commercial activity | |
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| | used in the construction 以... 為例｜以... 为例, "to take ... as an example" | |
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| | Huawei (brand) | |
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| | lit. helping tyrant Zhou 商紂王｜商纣王 in his oppression (idiom) / fig. to take the side of the evildoer / giving succor to the enemy | |
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| | (idiom) to do whatever one pleases | |
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| | there are three ways to be unfilial; having no sons is the worst (from Mencius 孟子) | |
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| | especially | HSK 7-9 |
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| | lit. to be the meat on sb's chopping block (idiom) / fig. to be at sb's mercy | |
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| | not known to anyone / secret / unknown | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to do things each in one's own way | |
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| | for sb / for others' interest | |
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| | one divides into two / to be two-sided / there are two sides to everything / to see both sb's good points and shortcomings (idiom) | |
|
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| | to use one's neighbor as a drain / to shift one's problems onto others (idiom) | |
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| | the matter depends on the individual (idiom); it is a matter for your own effort / With effort, one can achieve anything. | |
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| | (idiom) to get into the black; to become profitable | |
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| | not at all surprising (idiom) | |
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| | | |
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| | to bother / to press sb, usu. to do sth / it's a tough job / sorry to bother you (polite, used to thank sb for a favor) | |
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| | in order to / because of / for the sake of | |
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| | to do sth oneself | |
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| | (idiom) what is there against it? (rhetorical question indicating an eagerness or willingness to do sth) | |
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| | to accomplish much / to have good prospects / to have a promising future | |
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| | to stop at this point / to end here / to call it a day | |
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| | one's conduct and deeds | HSK 7-9 |
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| | term used by a teacher or master to refer to themself when speaking to their student | |
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| | to take sth to be true | |
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| | (idiom) to be wealthy and heartless | |
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| | so far / up to now / still (not) | HSK 7-9 |
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|
| | (idiom) to come to nothing | |
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| | to regard it as an honor (idiom) | |
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| | to reverse cause and effect / to put the horse before the cart | |
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| | to serve as a model for others (idiom) / to be a worthy teacher | |
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| | Serve the People!, CCP political slogan | |
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| | already too late | |
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| | mutually dependent for life (idiom); to rely upon one another for survival / interdependent | HSK 7-9 |
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|
| | to be called / to be known as | |
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| | to be considered to be / to be defined to be / to be called | |
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| | head / be headed by | |
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| | not to mind / unconcerned | |
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| | nonfeasance / omission (law) | |
|
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| | not an exaggeration / not excessive / not wide of the mark | |
|
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| | to run amok (idiom); to commit outrages | |
|
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| | attempting nothing and accomplishing nothing (idiom); without any initiative or drive / feckless | HSK 7-9 |
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|
| | (idiom) the first impression is the strongest; to hold a preconceived notion (about sth) | |
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| | to convert an enemy into a friend (idiom) | |
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| | not stopping at anything / all manner of evil | |
|
|
| | to learn from history (idiom) | |
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| | Food is the God of the people. (idiom); People view food as the primary need. / Food first, ethical niceties second | |
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|
| | (allusion to Tao Qian 陶潛｜陶潜, who used this phrase when he resigned from government service rather than show subservience to a visiting inspector) to bow and scrape for five pecks of rice (that being a part of his salary as a local magistrate) / (fig.) to compromise one's principles for the sake of a salary | |
|
|
| | not at all surprising (idiom) | |
|
|
| | to turn defeat into victory (idiom); to turn the tide | |
|
|
| | to level / to raze to the ground | |
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|
| | very / extremely | |
|
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| | of the thirty-six stratagems, the best option is to flee (idiom) / the best thing to do is leave | |
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|
| | until now; so far | |
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|
| | to take sth as a warning (idiom) / to draw a lesson from a case where things turned out badly | |
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| | (idiom) to fight the whole world | |
|
|
| | (idiom) to go up in smoke; to vanish | |
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|
| | lit. human beings will die for riches, just as birds will for food (idiom) / fig. man will do anything in his means to become rich | |
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| | not to be taken as an example / not an example to be followed / not to be taken as authoritative | |
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|
| | The cleverest housewife cannot cook without rice (idiom); You won't get anywhere without equipment. | |
|
|
| | lit. to nurture a tiger invites calamity / fig. to indulge one's enemy is asking for trouble (idiom) | |
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|
| | what is there against it? (rhetorical question indicating an eagerness or willingness to do sth) | |
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|
| | Look out for yourself, or heaven and earth will combine to destroy you. / Every man for himself, and the Devil take the hindmost. | |
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|
| | (Internet slang) why? | |
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|
| | to be of service to others / to help others / benevolent | |
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|
| | in the capacity of / as | |
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| | (idiom) to gasp in amazement / to acclaim as the peak of perfection | |
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|
| | to consider sth regrettable (idiom) | |
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|
| | (archaic) term used by a husband to refer to himself when speaking to his wife | |
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| | to have no other choice / to be the last resort | |
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| | to remain unmoved | |
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|
| | packed with people / overcrowded / overpopulation | |
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