| | culture / civilization / cultural / CL: 個｜个, 種｜种 | HSK 3 |
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| | to make into / to change into / -ization / to ... -ize / to transform / abbr. for 化學｜化学 | HSK 3 |
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| | to become rigid | HSK 7-9 |
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| | (intransitive) to change; to vary / change; variation (CL: 個｜个) | HSK 3 |
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| | to digest (food) / (fig.) to absorb (information etc); to assimilate; to process | HSK 4 |
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| | to strengthen / to intensify | HSK 6 |
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| | | HSK 5 |
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| | to maximize | |
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| | to integrate; to unify | |
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| | to personalize / anthropomorphism | |
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| | (computing) to initialize / initialization | |
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| | to format | |
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| | (of a person, population or material) to age / (of knowledge) to become outdated | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to sinicize / to take on Chinese characteristics | |
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| | globalization | |
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| | Deng Xiaoping's four modernizations practiced from the 1980s (possibly planned together with Zhou Enlai), namely: modernization of industry, agriculture, national defense and science and technology / abbr. to 四化 | |
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| | to deepen / to intensify | HSK 6 |
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| | generalization | |
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| | to make more youthful / to promote younger staff | |
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| | to specialize | |
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| | to change; to turn; to convert / (genetics) to transform / (chemistry) isomerization | HSK 5 |
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| | breeding / to incubate / innovation (esp. in commerce and marketing) | HSK 7-9 |
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| | China Petroleum and Chemical Corporation, Sinopec | |
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| | informatization (the Information Age analog of industrialization) | |
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| | climate change | |
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| | (statistics) normalized / to normalize (relations etc) / to become the norm | |
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| | to mechanize | |
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| | to water down / to play down / to trivialize / to weaken / to become dull with time / to desalinate / desalination | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to commercialize | |
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| | to boil / to vaporize | |
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| | to split apart / differentiation | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to harden / (medicine) sclerosis / (fig.) to become inflexible in one's opinions; to ossify | |
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| | to internationalize / internationalization | |
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| | systematization | |
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| | specialization | |
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| | to evolve / evolution | |
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| | collectivization of agriculture (under communism) | |
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| | catalysis / to catalyze (a reaction) | |
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| | to formalize / formalism in art (esp. as proscribed in USSR and PRC) | |
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| | assimilation (cultural, digestive, phonemic etc) | |
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| | corrective influence / to reform (a criminal) / redemption (of a sinner) / to influence (a malefactor to a better life) / to guide sb back to the right path by repeated word and example | |
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| | to simplify | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to make green with plants / to reforest / (Internet slang) Islamization | HSK 6 |
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| | to rot / to decay / to become corrupt | HSK 7-9 |
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| | household chemicals (cleaning products etc) and toiletries (abbr. for 日用化學製品｜日用化学制品) / (linguistics) to rhotacize / rhotic | |
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| | to worsen | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to age; to mature (wine, tea, cheese etc) | |
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| | global warming (Taiwan and Hong Kong usage) / written 全球變暖｜全球变暖 in PRC | |
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| | to optimize | HSK 7-9 |
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| | (archaeology) Yangshao culture, a Neolithic culture (c. 5000–3000 BC) in the central Yellow River basin, known for painted pottery, millet farming and village settlements | |
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| | to cremate | |
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| | electrification; to convert to electrical power (esp. for railways, factories or other infrastructure) | |
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| | diversification / pluralism / to diversify | |
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| | to purify | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to personalize / to customize / customization | |
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| | to politicize | |
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| | imperceptible influence / to influence secretly | HSK 7-9 |
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| | practice of allowing only one child per family | |
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| | to make more beautiful / to decorate / embellishment | HSK 7-9 |
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| | Eastern and Western culture | |
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| | to nationalize / to take over as communal property | |
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| | polarization | |
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| | chemical change / chemical transformation | |
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| | to sinicize / sinicization / (software) Chinese localization | |
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| | to intensify | HSK 7-9 |
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| | localization / adaptation (to foreign environment) | |
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| | collectivization (in Marxist theory) | |
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| | to industrialize / industrialization | |
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| | ordering (of a list, encyclopedia etc) | |
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| | privatization / to privatize | |
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| | vulgarization | |
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| | countless changes / constant permutation | HSK 7-9 |
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| | refinement / to add precision | |
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| | subculture | |
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| | differentiation (of a product from its competitors etc) | |
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| | to socialize | |
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| | (Tw) to digitize | |
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| | commodification | |
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| | to make divine / apotheosis | |
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| | dehumanization | |
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| | to melt / to thaw / to dissolve / to blend into / to combine / to fuse | HSK 7-9 |
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| | decentralization | |
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| | to quantify; quantification; quantitative / to quantize; quantization | |
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| | to hydrate | |
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| | to emulsify | |
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| | to rationalize / to make compatible / to streamline / rationalization | |
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| | to localize (production) / localization | |
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| | to multiplex | |
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| | declining birthrate (orthographic borrowing from Japanese 少子化 "shoushika") | |
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| | to stigmatize | |
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| | to magnetize | |
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| | to standardize / standardization | |
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| | diversification / to diversify | |
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| | vulcanization (curing rubber using sulfur and heat) | |
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| | optimization (math.) | |
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| | polarization | |
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| | to crack (fractionally distill oil) | |
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| | to industrialize / industrialization | |
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