|  |  | a decade of a century (e.g. the Sixties)  /  age  /  era  /  period  / CL: 個|个 | HSK 3 | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | to transfer (duties to sb else)  / to give instructions; to tell (sb to do sth)  / to explain; to give an account; to brief  / to confess; to account for oneself  / (jocular) to come to a bad end  | HSK 5 | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | generation  | HSK 6 | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | to be a substitute for; to act on behalf of; to replace; to substitute  / generation; dynasty; age; period; (historical) era; (geological) eon  | HSK 3 | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | to substitute for  / to replace  / to supersede  | HSK 4 | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | ancient times  | HSK 3 | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | age  /  era  /  epoch  /  period (in one's life)  / CL: 個|个 | HSK 3 | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | for many generations  / generation  / era  / age  | HSK 7-9 | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | modern times  / modern age  / modern era  | HSK 3 | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | the not-very-distant past  / modern times, excluding recent decades  / (in the context of Chinese history) the period from the Opium Wars until the May 4th Movement (mid-19th century to 1919)  / capitalist times (pre-1949)  | HSK 4 | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | the next generation  | HSK 7-9 | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | the present age  / the contemporary era  | HSK 5 | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | the seventies; the 1970s  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | the sixties  / the 1960s  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | Tang dynasty (618–907)  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | second generation  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | epoch-marking  | HSK 7-9 | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | to replace  / to supersede  / to supplant  / (chemistry) substitution  | HSK 7-9 | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | to be getting worse with each generation  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | metonymy  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | Mesozoic (geological era 250-65m years ago, covering Triassic 三疊紀|三叠纪 , Jurassic 侏羅紀|侏罗纪  and Cretaceous 白堊紀|白垩纪 )  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | the Yuan or Mongol dynasty (1279-1368)  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | three generations of a family  / the three earliest dynasties (Xia, Shang and Zhou)  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | to refer to  / to be used in place of  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | to transition to a new dynasty or regime  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | information age  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | the Warring States period (475-221 BC)  / Japanese Warring States period (15th-17th century)  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | new generation  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | reform and renewal  / generational change  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | wealth never survives three generations (idiom)  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | dynasty  / reign (of a king)  | HSK 7-9 | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | Neolithic Era  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | periodization (of history)  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | (computing, math.) to iterate  / (literary) to alternate  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | descendant; progeny  / posterity; later ages; later generations  | HSK 7-9 | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | offspring  / child's generation  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | to carry on one's ancestral line  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | Cenozoic (geological era covering the last 65m years)  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | new generation  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | Dark Ages  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | Heian period (794-1185), period of Japanese history  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | Song dynasty (960-1279)  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | the Spring and Autumn (770-476 BC) and Warring States (475-221 BC) periods  / Eastern Zhou (770-221 BC)  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | to transition to a new dynasty or regime  / to replace an older product with an upgraded, new-generation one  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | Mesolithic Era  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | the prehistoric Shang dynasty (c. 16th-11th century BC)  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | for many generations  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | final generation  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | children of officials  /  word created by analogy with 富二代 |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | Generation Y  / Millennial Generation  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC)  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | Qin dynasty (221-207 BC), founded by the first emperor Qin Shihuang 秦始皇 , the first dynasty to rule the whole of China  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | the era of Japanese occupation  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | ice age  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | throughout the ages  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | (Tw) class representative  / class president  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | Stone Age  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | feudal times  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | Paleolithic Era  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | Phanerozoic, geological eon lasting since the Cambrian 寒武紀|寒武纪 , c. 540m year ago  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | Time, US weekly news magazine  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | the Han dynasty (206 BC-220 AD)  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | Bandai toy company  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | Hyundai, South Korean company  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | Five Dynasties, period of history between the fall of the Tang dynasty (907) and the founding of the Song dynasty (960), when five would-be dynasties were established in quick succession in North China  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | new age  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | parent's generation  / previous generation  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | Sui dynasty (581-617)  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | children of entrepreneurs who became wealthy under Deng Xiaoping's economic reforms in the 1980s  /  see also 窮二代|穷二代 |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | successive generations  / successive dynasties  / past dynasties  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | contemporary  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  |  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | from generation to generation  / generation after generation  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | Zhou dynasty (1046-221 BC)  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | the Ming dynasty (1368-1644)  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | previous generation  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | Archaeozoic (geological era before 2500m years ago)  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | Thomas Hardy (1840-1928), English author  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | Jin Dynasty (265-420)  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | second generation only child  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | the Six Dynasties period (222-589) between Han and Tang  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | Xia or Hsia dynasty c. 2000 BC  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | magnificent style unmatched in his generation (idiom); peerless talent  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | to pass to the next generation  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | Qing dynasty (1644-1911)  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | reign (of a king, emperor etc)  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | Jin Dynasty (1115-1234), founded by the Jurchen 女真  people of North China, a precursor of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | a changeover of personnel  / a new shift  / (lit.) replacement for soldier on leave for the melon-picking season  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | former times  / the olden days  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  |  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | to be blessed with rare and radiant beauty (idiom)  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | unrivalled  / without peer in this generation  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | Asuka Period in Japanese history (538-710 AD)  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | Song of the Southern dynasties (420-479), with capital at Nanjing  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | the Renaissance  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | those who did not benefit from the Chinese economic reforms of the 1980s  /  see also 富二代 |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | Nara period (710-794) in early Japanese history  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | (loanword) sundae  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | Proterozoic (geological era 2500-540m years ago)  |  | 
|  | 
|  | 
|  |  | golden age  |  | 
|  |