| | to strive for / to vie for / to argue or debate / deficient or lacking (dialect) / how or what (literary) | HSK 3 |
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| | to fight for / to strive for / to win over | HSK 3 |
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| | to argue / to debate / to contend / argument / contention / controversy / debate / CL: 次, 場｜场 | HSK 4 |
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| | to compete / competition | HSK 5 |
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| | controversy / dispute / to dispute | HSK 5 |
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| | a struggle / fight / battle | HSK 6 |
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| | to fight over / to contest / to vie over | HSK 6 |
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| | to dispute / to disagree / to argue opinionatedly / to wrangle | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to resist / to make a stand and fight (against) | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to quarrel / dispute | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to work hard for sth / to resolve on improvement / determined not to fall short | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to win an honor / to strive to win a prize | HSK 7-9 |
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| | lit. fight minutes, snatch seconds (idiom); a race against time / making every second count | HSK 7-9 |
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| | striving to be first and fearing to be last (idiom); outdoing one another | HSK 7-9 |
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| | dispute / controversy / conflict | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to work hard for / to do all one can / to contend strongly | HSK 7-9 |
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| | a hundred schools of thought contend (idiom); refers to the classical philosophic schools of the Warring States period 475-221 BC | |
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| | Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871) | |
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| | to contend for hegemony / a power struggle | |
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| | competitive strength / competitiveness | |
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| | to dispute | |
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| | the war of 1904-1905 between Russia and Japan | |
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| | Sino-French War (1883-1885) (concerning French seizure of Vietnam) | |
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| | to strive | |
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| | fight | |
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| | to fall over each other in their eagerness to... | |
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| | to fight over / to scramble for | |
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| | to struggle / to fight / struggle | |
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| | the Opium Wars of 1840-1842 and 1860-1861 | |
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| | a dispute / to wrangle | |
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| | to be disappointing / to fail to live up to expectations | |
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| | struggle | |
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| | lit. when the snipe and the clam grapple with each other, the fisherman catches them both (idiom) / fig. when two sides are locked in dispute, it's often a third party that benefits | |
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| | to do (sb) proud; to be a credit to (one's school etc) / to make oneself look good; to build up one's image | |
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| | to compete / to fight for / to rush to purchase | |
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| | to contend | |
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| | power struggle | |
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| | to vie against one another / to fight each other / mutual aggression | |
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| | a hundred flowers bloom, a hundred schools of thought contend (idiom); refers to the classical philosophic schools of the Warring States period 475-221 BC, but adopted for Mao's campaign of 1956 | |
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| | (idiom) to seize every minute; to make the best use of one's time | |
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| | to contend on strong grounds / to argue strongly for what is right | |
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| | (idiom) to stand aloof from worldly affairs | |
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| | scramble for power and profit (idiom); power struggle | |
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| | competitive / ambitious and aggressive / to desire to beat others | |
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| | to strive for mastery (idiom); aiming for the best result / to have high ambitions | |
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| | First Sino-Japanese War (1894-95) | |
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| | war of aggression | |
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| | lit. two tigers fighting (idiom) / fig. fierce contest between evenly matched adversaries | |
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| | undeniable; uncontroversial | |
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| | lit. the dragon wars, the tiger battles (idiom); fierce battle between giants | |
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| | class struggle | |
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| | to fight for fame, grab profit (idiom); scrambling for fame and wealth / only interested in personal gain | |
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| | seize every minute and second (idiom); not a minute to lose / every moment counts | |
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| | people's war, military strategy advocated by Mao whereby a large number of ordinary citizens provide support in a campaign | |
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| | to compete to be first / to contest first place | |
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| | to quarrel endlessly | |
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| | to dispute / to struggle for mastery | |
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| | argument / debate / controversy | |
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| | to struggle for mastery / to strive for supremacy | |
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| | to rival sb for the affection of a man or woman / to be jealous of a rival in a love affair | |
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| | Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988) | |
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| | to haggle over every ounce (idiom) / to to fuss over minor points / to be particular about sth | |
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| | lit. you fight, I snatch (idiom); to compete fiercely offering no quarter / fierce rivalry / tug-of-war | |
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| | to strive for favor | |
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| | to settle a dispute | |
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| | dispute involving litigation / legal dispute | |
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| | to contend for supremacy | |
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| | assertiveness / combative nature | |
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| | the three Punic Wars (264-146 BC) between Rome and Carthage | |
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| | civil war / internal struggle | |
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| | minister not afraid to give forthright criticism | |
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| | to refuse to concede / not to give in | |
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| | National protection war or Campaign to defend the republic (1915), a rebellion against the installation of Yuan Shikai as emperor | |
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| | lit. to argue who is right and wrong (idiom) / fig. to squabble; to argue over minor issues | |
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| | war of 1920 between Northern Warlords, in which the Zhili faction beat the Anhui faction and took over the Beijing government | |
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| | to obtain by an effort / to strive to get sth | |
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| | competitor | |
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| | Men of Zheng fighting over their respective ages (idiom) / a futile quarrel | |
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| | rival; competitor | |
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| | Anti-Rightist Movement, Mao's purge of "rightists" after the Hundred Flowers Campaign ended in 1957 | |
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| | widely known / incontestable / undeniable / to not strive for / to not contend for | |
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| | fair competition | |
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| | (Persian) Gulf War | |
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| | Pacific War between Japan and the US, 1941-1945 | |
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| | the Yom Kippur war of October 1973 between Israel and her Arab neighbors | |
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| | to fight desperately | |
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| | StarCraft (video game series) | |
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| | American War of Independence (1775-1783) | |
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| | Sino-Vietnamese War (1979) | |
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| | market competition | |
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| | competitive | |
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| | internal power struggle | |
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| | when two kingdoms are at war, they don't execute envoys (idiom) | |
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| | war crime | |
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