| | after; behind / (at the beginning of a sentence) afterwards; since then | HSK 4 |
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| | (after a noun) between; among; amid / (used after certain bisyllabic words to form expressions indicating a short period of time, e.g. 彈指之間|弹指之间) | HSK 4 |
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| | before / prior to / ago / previously / beforehand | HSK 4 |
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| | in a word / in short / in brief | HSK 4 |
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| | one of (sth) / one out of a multitude / one (third, quarter, percent etc) | HSK 4 |
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| | outside / excluding | HSK 5 |
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| | inside / among / in the midst of (doing sth) / during | HSK 5 |
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| | under / beneath / less than | HSK 5 |
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| | and so on / and such | HSK 6 |
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| | (possessive particle, literary equivalent of 的) / him / her / it | HSK 7-9 |
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| | (idiom) to replace; to supersede; to take its (or her etc) place | HSK 7-9 |
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| | in short / in a word / in brief | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to pursue unremittingly (idiom); to persevere | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to settle a matter by leaving it unsettled / to end up with nothing definite | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to show respect from a distance (idiom) / to remain at a respectful distance | HSK 7-9 |
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| | proficiency in a particular field (idiom) / skill in a specialized area (idiom) | HSK 7-9 |
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| | (after a noun N and before a predicate P) the reason why N P / Example: 我之所以討厭他|我之所以讨厌他 "the reason why I dislike him (is ...)" | HSK 7-9 |
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| | in other words | HSK 7-9 |
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| | unhealthy tendency | HSK 7-9 |
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| | (idiom) contrary to expectation; unexpected | HSK 7-9 |
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| | an opportunity that someone (usually a villain or adversary) can exploit | HSK 7-9 |
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| | fully deserving, without any reservations (idiom); entirely worthy (of a title, honor etc) | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to take advantage of sb's precarious position | HSK 7-9 |
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| | (idiom) top priority job; matter of vital importance | HSK 7-9 |
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| | apart from this / in addition to this | HSK 7-9 |
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| | fears of trouble in the rear (idiom); family worries (obstructing freedom of action) / worries about the future consequences / often in negative expressions, meaning "no worries about anything" | HSK 7-9 |
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| | by comparison | HSK 7-9 |
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| | of the utmost importance / of highest priority | HSK 7-9 |
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| | above | |
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| | thereupon / subsequently / accordingly | |
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| | (acknowledged) place / a role to play / niche | |
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| | (indicating a fraction) | |
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| | to hate sb to the bone (idiom) | |
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| | a hundred percent / out and out / absolutely | |
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| | lit. seek but fail to get (idiom); fig. exactly what one’s been looking for | |
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| | troubled times / eventful period | |
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| | a hidden trouble hard to mention (idiom) / sth too embarrassing to mention / an embarrassing illness | |
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| | on the other hand... / conversely... | |
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| | An-Shi Rebellion (755-763) of 安祿山|安禄山 and 史思明, a catastrophic setback for Tang dynasty | |
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| | moreover; in addition to that | |
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| | land of plenty (usu. used in reference to Sichuan) | |
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| | If you want to condemn sb, don't worry about the pretext (idiom, from Zuozhuan 左傳|左传); one can always trump up a charge against sb / Give a dog a bad name, then hang him. | |
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| | plan of convenience (idiom); stop-gap measure / makeshift stratagem / interim step | |
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| | to give no thought to / to have no regard for / to disregard | |
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| | doctrine of the mean / moderation in all things | |
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| | lit. an arrow at the end of its flight (idiom) / fig. spent force | |
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| | the Silk Road | |
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| | uninvited or unexpected guest | |
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| | knowing oneself (idiom) / self-knowledge | |
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| | to place sb on field of death / to confront with mortal danger / to give sb no way out / with one's back to the wall / looking death in the eye / part of idiom 置之死地而後生|置之死地而后生 | |
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| | (of one's words) to have substance | |
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| | lit. the service of a dog or a horse (idiom) / fig. faithful service | |
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| | to apply sth more broadly / by logical extension / and, by extension, | |
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| | implication | |
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| | to commit to the waters (idiom); to lose sth irrevocably | |
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| | to rush like ducks (idiom); the mob scrabbles madly for sth unobtainable / an unruly crowd on a wild goose chase | |
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| | to escape without trace (idiom); to make one's getaway (from the scene of a crime) / to show a clean pair of heels | |
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| | to lock one's door and refuse to see sb | |
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| | to learn a lesson from the mistakes of one's predecessor (idiom) | |
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| | family love and joy / domestic bliss | |
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| | lit. like a turtle in a jar / to be trapped (idiom) | |
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| | a single spark (idiom); an insignificant cause can have a massive effect | |
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| | to act with undue haste (idiom); eager and impatient / overhasty | |
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| | complete nonsense (idiom) | |
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| | to rank second (in terms of some attribute: size, frequency, quality etc) | |
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| | rabble; disorderly band | |
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| | runaway (idiom); desperate criminal / fugitive | |
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| | to do one's best; to shape up; to fend for oneself / you're on your own | |
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| | during / at the time of | |
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| | Since they have come, we should make them comfortable (idiom). Since we're here, take it easy. / Since this is so, we should accept it. / Now we have come, let's stay and take the rough with the smooth. / If you can't do anything to prevent it, you might as well sit back and enjoy it. | |
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| | a single spark can start a huge blaze (idiom); an insignificant cause can have a massive effect | |
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| | Failure is the mother of success. | |
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| | lit. a thousand mile journey begins with the first step / fig. big accomplishments come from an accumulation of little achievements made one by one | |
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| | a complete contrast / totally different | |
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| | inside; within | |
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| | stray dog (idiom) | |
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| | to be effective (idiom) | |
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| | lit. as sweet as syrup (idiom, from Book of Songs); to endure hardship gladly / a glutton for punishment | |
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| | in a nutshell / to put it briefly | |
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| | (idiom) invincible position | |
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| | bad omen | |
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| | an up-and-coming youngster; new talent; a brilliant younger generation | |
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| | ample scope for abilities / favorable position for the use of one's skills (idiom) | |
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| | a land of ceremony and propriety | |
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| | to punish according to the law / to bring to justice | |
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| | unspoken implication (idiom) / the actual meaning of what was said | |
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| | to put to the torch (idiom) / to commit to the flames / to burn sth down deliberately | |
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| | lit. ready to appear at the call (idiom) / fig. on the verge of coming out into the open / (of a person's choice etc) on the point of being disclosed / (of an artistic depiction) vividly portrayed | |
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| | to pay no heed to (idiom) / to ignore / to brush aside | |
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| | to have both (at the same time) | |
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| | priceless treasure | |
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| | sworn brotherhood / intimate friendship | |
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| | to call it... / known as... | |
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| | wherever one goes | |
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| | a possible period of want or need | |
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| | for this reason | |
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| | lit. a fish that escaped the net (idiom) / fig. sb or sth that slips through the net | |
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