| | because / owing to / on account of | HSK 2 |
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| | why? / for what reason? | HSK 2 |
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| | as (in the capacity of) / to take sth as / to act as / to serve as / to behave as / to become / to be / to do / by (in the passive voice) | HSK 3 |
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| | because of / for / to | HSK 3 |
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| | for; for the purpose of; in order to | HSK 3 |
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| | | HSK 3 |
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| | | HSK 3 |
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| | to believe; to think; to consider; to feel | HSK 3 |
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| | to become; to turn into | HSK 4 |
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| | to think (i.e. to take it to be true that ...) (Usually there is an implication that the notion is mistaken – except when expressing one's own current opinion.) | HSK 4 |
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| | one's conduct / deed / activity / accomplishment / achievement / to act as / as (in the capacity of) / qua / to view as / to look upon (sth as) / to take sth to be | HSK 5 |
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| | action / conduct / behavior / activity | HSK 5 |
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| | artificial / man-made / having human cause or origin / human attempt or effort | HSK 6 |
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| | so far / up to now / still (not) | HSK 6 |
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| | (to be done) by (a certain date) / lasting (a certain time) | HSK 6 |
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| | to see what is right and act courageously (idiom, from Analects); to stand up bravely for the truth / acting heroically in a just cause | HSK 6 |
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| | to feel embarrassed or awkward / to make things difficult (for someone) / to find things difficult (to do or manage) | HSK 6 |
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| | to view as / to see as / to consider to be / to deem | |
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| | comparatively / relatively / fairly | |
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| | why | |
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| | to divide sth into (parts) / to subdivide | |
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| | rather / quite | |
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| | to be classified as | |
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| | to advance gradually and entrench oneself at every step / to consolidate at every step | |
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| | what is / (old) what for / (in a rhetorical question) it's no use | |
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| | (old) why | |
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| | to be called; to be known as; to call it "..." | |
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| | even more | |
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| | the most | |
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| | to make a living | |
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| | to conduct oneself / behavior; conduct; personal character | |
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| | for sb / for others' interest | |
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| | until / (used in combination with words like 到 or 至 in constructs of the form 到... 為止｜到... 为止) | |
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| | to change into | |
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| | to elect as / to choose as / to consider as | |
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| | Huawei (brand) | |
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| | (idiom) between a rock and a hard place / in a dilemma | |
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| | to change into | |
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| | to sink down to / to be reduced to (sth inferior) | |
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| | | |
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| | to do whatever one pleases | |
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| | Qianwei county in Leshan 樂山｜乐山, Sichuan | |
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| | timewise / pertaining to time | |
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| | to confuse one thing with another (idiom); to muddle | |
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| | especially | |
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| | not to mind / unconcerned | |
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| | villains collude together (idiom); to work hand in glove with sb (to nefarious ends) | |
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| | head / be headed by | |
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| | lit. to be confined within a circle drawn on the ground (idiom) / fig. to confine oneself to a restricted range of activities | |
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| | in order to / because of / for the sake of | |
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| | very / greatly | |
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| | not at all surprising (idiom) | |
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| | not known to anyone / secret / unknown | |
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| | impotent (idiom) / powerless / helpless | |
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| | to propose the future marriage of two unborn babies on condition that one turns out to be a boy, and the other, a girl (idiom) | |
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| | to believe oneself infallible (idiom) / to be opinionated | |
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| | to learn from history (idiom) | |
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| | to level / to raze to the ground | |
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| | not to accept as correct (idiom); to object / to disapprove / to take exception to | |
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| | | |
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| | slightly | |
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| | rarely known to anyone (idiom); almost unknown / secret to all but a few | |
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| | one's conduct and deeds | |
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| | to bother / to press sb, usu. to do sth / it's a tough job / sorry to bother you (polite, used to thank sb for a favor) | |
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| | (idiom) to gasp in amazement / to acclaim as the peak of perfection | |
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| | to remain unmoved | |
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| | pleasure from helping others (idiom) | |
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| | to serve as a model for others (idiom) / to be a worthy teacher | |
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| | in numerical terms (typically followed by 不少 or 不多 or a number) | |
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| | to regard the four corners of the world all as home (idiom) / to feel at home anywhere / to roam about unconstrained / to consider the entire country, or world, to be one's own | |
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| | accustomed to / used to | |
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| | to associate with / to keep company with | |
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| | to get into the black; to become profitable | |
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| | Food is the God of the people. (idiom); People view food as the primary need. / Food first, ethical niceties second | |
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| | one divides into two / to be two-sided / there are two sides to everything / to see both sb's good points and shortcomings (idiom) | |
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| | to turn peril into safety (idiom); to avert disaster | |
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| | to take rash action | |
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| | (idiom) to achieve sth worthwhile; to make a positive contribution | |
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| | young and promising | |
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| | to tackle a difficult job (idiom) / to do sth reluctantly | |
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| | lit. the guest acts as host (idiom); fig. to turn from passive to active behavior | |
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| | (idiom) the first impression is the strongest; to hold a preconceived notion (about sth) | |
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| | embarrassed | |
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| | to do one's best / to shape up / to behave / to fend for oneself / you're on your own | |
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| | to turn defeat into victory (idiom); to turn the tide | |
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| | to take sth as a warning (idiom) / to draw a lesson from a case where things turned out badly | |
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| | to accomplish much / to have good prospects / to have a promising future | |
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| | to regard it as an honor (idiom) | |
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| | to run amok (idiom); to commit outrages | |
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| | joy of first experience (idiom) / the pleasure of reading sth for the first time | |
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| | to break the law and commit crimes (idiom); malefactor / evildoer / to perpetrate outrages | |
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| | for this reason / with regards to this / in this respect / in order to do this / to this end | |
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| | the benevolent man cannot be rich (idiom, from Mencius). It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter the kingdom of heaven (Matthew 19:24). | |
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| | to take sth to be true | |
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| | | |
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| | making a deer out to be a horse (idiom); deliberate misrepresentation | |
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| | extremely / exceedingly | |
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| | not to be repeated / not to be taken as a precedent / just this once | |
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| | attempting nothing and accomplishing nothing (idiom); without any initiative or drive / feckless | |
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| | to turn tears into laughter (idiom); to turn grief into happiness | |
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