| | (specifier) that; the; those (colloquial pr. [nei4]) / (pronoun) that (referring to persons, things or situations) / then (in that case) | HSK 1 |
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| | (bound form) up; upper; above; previous / first (of multiple parts) / to climb; to get onto; to go up / to attend (class or university) / (directional complement) up / (noun suffix) on; above | HSK 1 |
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| | from; through; via / (bound form) to follow / (bound form) to obey / (bound form) to engage in (an activity) / (used before a negative) ever / (bound form) (Taiwan pr. [zong4]) retainer; attendant / (bound form) (Taiwan pr. [zong4]) assistant; auxiliary; subordinate / (bound form) (Taiwan pr. [zong4]) related by common paternal grandfather or earlier ancestor | HSK 1 |
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| | also; too; as well; (not ...) either / (used after a verbal or nominal expression X to indicate that X is an extreme or unexpected case) even (X) / (literary) particle having functions similar to 啊 | HSK 1 |
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| | car / vehicle / CL: 輛|辆 / machine / to shape with a lathe / Kangxi radical 159 | HSK 1 |
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| | dry / dried food / empty; hollow / taken in to nominal kinship; adoptive; foster / futile; in vain / (dialect) rude; blunt / (dialect) to cold-shoulder | HSK 1 |
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| | water / (after a name) ... River / to swim (used mostly in 會水|会水 and 水性) / (coll.) lacking in substance; shoddy / (bound form) additional cost; extra income / classifier for washings of a garment | HSK 1 |
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| | of; ~'s (possessive particle) / (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) / (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) / (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的|跑堂儿的 "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 "new one") / also pr. [di4] or [di5] in poetry and songs | HSK 1 |
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| | to count / to count as; to regard as / to enumerate; to list | HSK 2 |
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| | (before an adjective or verb) to the highest degree; (the) most ...; -est / (after 之) best or most extreme example (e.g. 世界之最 "the greatest in the world") | HSK 1 |
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| | to be (followed by substantives only) / correct; right; true / (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well / (adverb for emphatic assertion) | HSK 1 |
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| | low / beneath / to lower (one's head) / to let droop / to hang down / to incline | HSK 2 |
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| | to go / to go to (a place) / (of a time etc) last / just passed / to send / to remove / to get rid of / to reduce / to be apart from in space or time / to die (euphemism) / to play (a part) / (when used either before or after a verb) to go in order to do sth / (after a verb of motion indicates movement away from the speaker) / (used after certain verbs to indicate detachment or separation) | HSK 1 |
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| | (bound form) to have to do with; to concern oneself with / one of the ten heavenly stems 天干 / (archaic) shield | HSK 1 |
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| | to pull / to play (a bowed instrument) / to drag / to draw / to chat / (coll.) to empty one's bowels | HSK 2 |
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| | to rain | HSK 1 |
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| | to cover / to wrap / to hold / to include / to take charge of / to contract (to or for) / package / wrapper / container / bag / to hold or embrace / bundle / packet / CL: 個|个, 隻|只 | HSK 1 |
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| | to go to work / to be on duty / to start work / to go to the office | HSK 1 |
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| | you (informal, as opposed to courteous 您) | HSK 1 |
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| | good / appropriate; proper / all right! / (before a verb) easy to / (before a verb) good to / (before an adjective for exclamatory effect) so / (verb complement indicating completion) / (of two people) close; on intimate terms / (after a personal pronoun) hello | HSK 1 |
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| | to rise / to go up / to ascend | HSK 3 |
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| | to shout / to call / to order / to ask / to be called / by (indicates agent in the passive mood) | HSK 1 |
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| | can / may / possible / able to / not bad / pretty good | HSK 2 |
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| | to be connected / traffic / transportation / communications / liaison | HSK 2 |
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| | (joining two nouns) and; together with; with (Taiwan pr. [han4]) / (math.) sum / to make peace / (sports) to draw; to tie / (bound form) harmonious / (bound form) Japan; Japanese | HSK 1 |
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| | to use; to make use of; to employ / (coverb) with; using / to need; to have to (usu. used in the negative or in questions) / usefulness; utility / (bound form) expense; outlay / (courteous) to eat; to drink / (literary) hence; therefore | HSK 1 |
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| | down / downwards / below / lower / later / next (week etc) / second (of two parts) / to decline / to go down / to arrive at (a decision, conclusion etc) / measure word to show the frequency of an action | HSK 1 |
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| | (classical) to say | HSK 2 |
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| | to make; to produce / to write; to compose / to do; to engage in; to hold (a party etc) / (of a person) to be (an intermediary, a good student etc); to become (husband and wife, friends etc) / (of a thing) to serve as; to be used for / to assume (an air or manner) | HSK 1 |
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| | because of / for / to | HSK 2 |
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| | a semantically light, transitive verb that is combined with various grammatical objects to form compound verbs and verb-object phrases with a diverse range of meanings (e.g. 打傘|打伞 "to hold an umbrella", 打電話|打电话 "to make a phone call", 打針|打针 "to get an injection", 打手套 "to knit gloves", 打氣|打气 "to inflate") / to hit; to strike / to fight / (coll.) from; since (as in 打那以後|打那以后 "since then") | HSK 1 |
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| | to use / to employ / to apply / to make use of | HSK 2 |
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| | two / both / some / a few / tael, unit of weight equal to 50 grams (modern) or 1⁄16 of a catty 斤 (old) | HSK 1 |
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| | to exist; to be alive / (of sb or sth) to be (located) at / (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) | HSK 1 |
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| | to obtain / to get / to gain / to catch (a disease) / proper / suitable / proud / contented / to allow / to permit / ready / finished | HSK 2 |
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| | structural particle: used after a verb (or adjective as main verb), linking it to following phrase indicating effect, degree, possibility etc | HSK 2 |
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| | few / less / to lack / to be missing / to stop (doing sth) / seldom | HSK 1 |
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| | many; much; more; a lot of / too many; in excess / (after a numeral) ... odd / how (to what extent) (Taiwan pr. [duo2]) / (bound form) multi-; poly- | HSK 1 |
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| | right; correct / towards; at; for / concerning; regarding / to treat (sb a certain way) / to face / (bound form) opposite; facing; matching / to match together; to adjust / to fit; to suit / to answer; to reply / to add; to pour in (a fluid) / to check; to compare / classifier: couple; pair | HSK 1 |
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| | hand / (formal) to hold / person engaged in certain types of work / person skilled in certain types of work / personal(ly) / convenient / classifier for skill / CL: 雙|双, 隻|只 | HSK 1 |
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| | to carry (hanging down from the hand) / to lift / to put forward / to mention / to raise (an issue) / upwards character stroke / lifting brush stroke (in painting) / scoop for measuring liquid | HSK 2 |
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| | to make a circuit / to circle / circle / circumference / lap / cycle / complete / all / all over / thorough / to help financially | HSK 2 |
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| | nature / character / property / quality / attribute / sexuality / sex / gender / suffix forming adjective from verb / suffix forming noun from adjective, corresponding to -ness or -ity / essence / CL: 個|个 | HSK 3 |
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| | same / like / equal to / the same as / just like | HSK 1 |
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| | to introduce (sb to sb) / to give a presentation / to present (sb for a job etc) / introduction | HSK 1 |
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| | representative / delegate / CL: 位, 個|个, 名 / to represent / to stand for / on behalf of / in the name of | HSK 3 |
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| | to go out; to come out / to arise; to occur / to produce; to yield / to go beyond; to exceed / (used after a verb to indicate an outward direction or a positive result) / classifier for dramas, plays, operas etc | HSK 1 |
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| | rapid / quick / speed / rate / soon / almost / to make haste / clever / sharp (of knives or wits) / forthright / plainspoken / gratified / pleased / pleasant | HSK 1 |
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| | to succeed / to finish / to complete / to accomplish / to become / to turn into / to be all right / OK! / one tenth | HSK 2 |
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| | to have; there is / (bound form) having; with; -ful; -ed; -al (as in 有意 intentional) | HSK 1 |
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| | as (in the capacity of) / to take sth as / to act as / to serve as / to behave as / to become / to be / to do / by (in the passive voice) | HSK 3 |
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| | to reach; to arrive / to leave for; to go to / to (a place); until (a time); up to (a point) / (verb complement indicating arriving at a place or reaching a point) / considerate; thoughtful; thorough | HSK 1 |
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| | to eat; to consume / to eat at (a cafeteria etc) / to eradicate; to destroy / to absorb / to suffer (shock, injury, defeat etc) | HSK 1 |
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| | to see | HSK 1 |
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| | to learn / to study | HSK 1 |
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| | -ly / structural particle: used before a verb or adjective, linking it to preceding modifying adverbial adjunct | HSK 1 |
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| | before / prior to / ago / previously / beforehand | HSK 4 |
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| | to drink a toast / Cheers! (proposing a toast) / Here's to you! / Bottoms up! / lit. dry cup | HSK 2 |
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| | to come down / (completed action marker) / (after verb of motion, indicates motion down and towards us, also fig.) / (indicates continuation from the past towards us) / to be harvested (of crops) / to be over (of a period of time) / to go among the masses (said of leaders) | HSK 3 |
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| | (try to) overcome (hardships etc) / to conquer / to put up with / to endure | HSK 3 |
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| | to have a meal / to eat / to make a living | HSK 1 |
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| | flower / blossom / CL: 朵, 支, 束, 把, 盆, 簇 / fancy pattern / florid / to spend (money, time) / (coll.) lecherous / lustful | HSK 1 |
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| | to walk / to go / to run / to move (of vehicle) / to visit / to leave / to go away / to die (euph.) / from / through / away (in compound verbs, such as 撤走) / to change (shape, form, meaning) | HSK 1 |
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| | to come out / to appear / to arise | HSK 1 |
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| | to return home | HSK 1 |
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| | child; kid (used to refer to a child, or by an adult to address a child, or, in Taiwan, to refer to sb's own child) / CL: 個|个 | HSK 1 |
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| | to decline / to drop / to fall / to go down / to decrease | HSK 4 |
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| | to go online / to connect to the Internet / (of a document etc) to be uploaded to the Internet / (tennis, volleyball etc) to move in close to the net | HSK 1 |
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| | rest / to rest | HSK 1 |
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| | Beijing municipality, capital of the People's Republic of China (abbr. to 京) | HSK 1 |
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| | to circle / to go back / to turn around / to answer / to return / to revolve / Hui ethnic group (Chinese Muslims) / time / classifier for acts of a play / section or chapter (of a classic book) | HSK 1 |
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| | to wait for; to await / by the time; when; till / and so on; etc.; et al. / (bound form) class; rank; grade / (bound form) equal to; same as / (used to end an enumeration) / (literary) (plural suffix attached to a personal pronoun or noun) | HSK 1 |
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| | beforehand; first; earlier / at first; originally / for the time being; for now / (prefix) my late (in referring to deceased relatives older than oneself) | HSK 1 |
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| | to go up | HSK 3 |
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| | to fall; to collapse; to lie horizontally / to fail; to go bankrupt / to overthrow / to change (trains or buses) / to move around / to resell at a profit | HSK 2 |
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| | to invert; to place upside down or frontside back / to pour out / to tip out; to dump / inverted; upside down; reversed / to go backward / contrary to what one might expect; but; yet | HSK 2 |
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| | towards / to face / to turn towards / direction / to support / to side with / shortly before / formerly / always / all along / (suffix) suitable for ... / oriented to ... | HSK 2 |
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| | idea / opinion / meaning / wish / desire / interest / fun / token of appreciation, affection etc / CL: 個|个 / to give as a small token / to do sth as a gesture of goodwill etc | HSK 2 |
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| | to sense / perception / to feel (through the senses) / to experience / a feeling / an impression / an experience | HSK 3 |
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| | to save; to economize; to be frugal / to omit; to delete; to leave out / province / provincial capital / a ministry (of the Japanese government) | HSK 2 |
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| | to form / to make up / to constitute | HSK 2 |
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| | outcome; result; consequence / in the end; as a result / to kill; to dispatch | HSK 2 |
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| | to lean against or on / to stand by the side of / to come near to / to depend on / to trust / to fuck (vulgar) / traditional military costume drama where the performers wear armor (old) | HSK 2 |
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| | to compare / (followed by a noun and adjective) more {adj.} than {noun} / ratio / to gesture / (Taiwan pr. [bi4] in some compounds derived from Classical Chinese) | HSK 1 |
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| | mountain; hill (CL: 座) / (coll.) small bundle of straw for silkworms to spin cocoons on | HSK 1 |
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| | bright; light / to shine; to flash / loud and clear / to show (one's passport etc); to make public (one's views etc) | HSK 2 |
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| | to rent | HSK 2 |
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| | to go abroad; to leave the country | HSK 2 |
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| | yellow / pornographic / to fall through | HSK 2 |
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| | (it) hurts; sore / to love dearly | HSK 2 |
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| | whatever / no matter what (who, how etc) / regardless of / not to discuss | HSK 3 |
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| | tree / CL: 棵 / to cultivate / to set up | HSK 1 |
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| | to divide; to separate / to distribute; to allocate / to distinguish (good and bad) / (bound form) branch of (an organization); sub- (as in 分局) / fraction / one tenth (of certain units) / unit of length equivalent to 0.33 cm / minute (unit of time) / minute (angular measurement unit) / a point (in sports or games) / 0.01 yuan (unit of money) | HSK 1 |
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| | to sing / to call loudly / to chant | HSK 1 |
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| | topic / problem for discussion / exam question / subject / to inscribe / to mention / CL: 個|个, 道 | HSK 2 |
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| | to connect / to relate to / to tie up / to bind / to be (literary) | HSK 3 |
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| | just (in time) / just right / just enough / to happen to / to chance to / by chance / it just so happens that | HSK 2 |
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| | to feel embarrassed / to find it embarrassing / to be sorry (for inconveniencing sb) | HSK 2 |
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| | to give; to deliver; to hand over | HSK 2 |
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| | can; to have the skill; to know how to / to be likely to; to be sure to / to meet; to get together / meeting; gathering / (suffix) union; group; association / (bound form) a moment (Taiwan pr. [hui3]) | HSK 1 |
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