| | unit (of measure) / unit (group of people as a whole) / work unit (place of employment, esp. in the PRC prior to economic reform) / CL: 個｜个 | HSK 2 |
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| | to transform / to reform / to remodel / to remold | HSK 3 |
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| | | HSK 5 |
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| | to improve (sth) / to reform (a system) | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to reform and open to the outside world / refers to Deng Xiaoping's policies from around 1980 | HSK 7-9 |
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| | hurricane / violent reform or revolution / violent movement or force | |
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| | animal hide / leather / to reform / to remove / to expel (from office) | |
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| | to reform / to rectify and improve | |
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| | Shang Yang (c. 390-338 BC), legalist philosopher and statesman of the state of Qin 秦國｜秦国, whose reforms paved the way for the eventual unification of the Chinese empire by the Qin dynasty 秦朝 | |
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| | (political) reform / revitalization / modernization | |
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| | abbr. for 勞動改造｜劳动改造 / reform through labor / laogai (prison camp) | |
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| | corrective influence / to reform (a criminal) / redemption (of a sinner) / to influence (a malefactor to a better life) / to guide sb back to the right path by repeated word and example | |
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| | education reform (abbr. for 教育改革) | |
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| | (idiom) to reform habits and customs | |
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| | to give a new lease of life / to reconstruct / to reform / to rework / to recycle / to reproduce (copies, or offspring) / restoration / restructuring | |
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| | to reform and start afresh (idiom); to turn over a new leaf | |
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| | land reform (abbr. for 土地改革) | |
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| | to reform oneself / to mend one's ways and start life anew | |
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| | completely correcting one's former misdeeds (idiom); to repent past mistakes and turn over a new leaf / a reformed character | |
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| | (of a student) to work part-time (while continuing one's studies) / (of a delinquent) to be reformed through work and study | |
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| | to reform | |
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| | to totally stop doing something / to reform one's ways | |
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| | lit. to restring one's bow / to reform and start over again | |
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| | student who also works part-time / (old) reform-school student | |
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| | Tan Sitong (1865-1898), Qing writer and politician, one of the Six Gentlemen Martyrs 戊戌六君子 of the unsuccessful reform movement of 1898 | |
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| | reform and renewal / generational change | |
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| | reformatory / reform school | |
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| | children of entrepreneurs who became wealthy under Deng Xiaoping's economic reforms in the 1980s / see also 窮二代｜穷二代 | |
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| | Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832), English philosopher, jurist, and social reformer | |
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| | Lin Xu (1875-1898), one of the Six Gentlemen Martyrs 戊戌六君子 of the unsuccessful reform movement of 1898 | |
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| | Self-Strengthening Movement (period of reforms in China c 1861-1894), also named 自強運動｜自强运动 | |
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| | Yang Rui (1855-1898), one of the Six Gentlemen Martyrs 戊戌六君子 of the unsuccessful reform movement of 1898 / Yang Rui (1963-), host of "Dialogue" on CCTV News | |
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| | Hundred Days Reform (1898), failed attempt to reform the Qing dynasty | |
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| | socialism with Chinese characteristics, phrase introduced by the CCP in 1986 to refer to its ideological model, embracing the economic reforms of the post-Mao era | |
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| | Kang Youwei (1858-1927), Confucian intellectual, educator and would-be reformer, main leader of the failed reform movement of 1898 | |
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| | Zhao Ziyang (1919-2005), PRC reforming politician, general secretary of Chinese Communist Party 1987-1989, held under house arrest from 1989 to his death, and non-person since then | |
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| | to return to the right path / to mend one's ways / to reform / Reformed (church etc) | |
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| | PRC National Development and Reform Commission | |
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| | Shang Yang's political reform of Qin state 秦國｜秦国 of 356 BC and 350 BC, that put it on the road to world domination | |
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| | reformer | |
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| | political reform | |
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| | Yongzhen Reform, Tang dynasty failed reform movement of 805 led by Wang Shuwen 王叔文 | |
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| | Hundred Days Reform (1898), failed attempt to reform the Qing dynasty | |
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| | reform of the writing system | |
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| | economic reform | |
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| | the Six Gentlemen Martyrs of the failed reform movement of 1898, executed in its aftermath, namely: Tan Sitong 譚嗣同｜谭嗣同, Lin Xu 林旭, Yang Shenxiu 楊深秀｜杨深秀, Liu Guangdi 劉光第｜刘光第, Kang Guangren 康廣仁｜康广仁 and Yang Rui 楊銳｜杨锐 | |
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| | PRC State Development and Planning Committee, set up 1998 to replace State Planning Committee 國家計劃委員會｜国家计划委员会, replaced in 2003 by National Development and Reform Commission 國家發展和改革委員會｜国家发展和改革委员会 | |
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| | super-ministry system (reform aimed at streamlining government department functions) | |
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| | Self-Strengthening Movement (period of reforms in China c 1861-1894), also named 洋務運動｜洋务运动 | |
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| | Hundred Days Reform (1898), failed attempt to reform the Qing dynasty | |
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| | PRC State Planning Committee, set up in 1952, replaced in 1998 by State Development and Planning Committee 國家發展計劃委員會｜国家发展计划委员会 then in 2003 by National Development and Reform Commission 國家發展和改革委員會｜国家发展和改革委员会 | |
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| | mixed ownership reform (strategy aimed at enhancing the efficiency and competitiveness of state-owned enterprises) | |
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| | "land to the tiller", post-Liberation land reform movement instigated by the CCP | |
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| | Liu Guangdi (1859-1898), one of the Six Gentlemen Martyrs 戊戌六君子 of the unsuccessful reform movement of 1898 | |
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| | Yang Shenxiu (1849-1898), one of the Six Gentlemen Martyrs 戊戌六君子 of the unsuccessful reform movement of 1898 | |
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| | (category defined by the Communist Party) poor and lower-middle peasants: farmers who, before land reform, possessed little or no land (poor peasants) and those who were barely able to support themselves with their own land (lower-middle peasants) | |
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| | reformatory / reform school | |
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| | reformer | |
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| | (neologism c. 2006) (of circumstances) to stimulate (change, esp. innovation, reform etc) | |
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| | everyone participates in reforms (idiom) / to replace the old with new / to reform and start afresh | |
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| | Kang Guangren (1867-1898), younger brother of Kang Youwei 康有為｜康有为 and one of the Six Gentlemen Martyrs 戊戌六君子 of the unsuccessful reform movement of 1898 | |
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| | Liang Qichao (1873-1929), influential journalist and a leader of the failed reform movement of 1898 | |
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| | Wang Shuwen (735-806), famous Tang dynasty scholar, Go player and politician, a leader of failed Yongzhen Reform 永貞革新｜永贞革新 of 805 | |
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| | Pirate Party, political movement whose main goal is to reform copyright law in line with the Internet era | |
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| | Tao Xingzhi (1891-1946), Chinese educator and reformer | |
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| | it doesn't matter whether a cat is white or black; as long as it catches mice it's a good cat (variant of a Sichuanese saying used in a speech by Deng Xiaoping 鄧小平｜邓小平 in 1962, usually associated with his economic reforms starting in 1978, in which pragmatism was favored over ideological purity) | |
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| | Calvin (1509-1564), French protestant reformer | |
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| | PRC National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), formed in 2003 | |
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| | land reform | |
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| | failed reform of Northern Song government in 1043 | |
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| | coup by Dowager Empress Cixi 慈禧太后 ending the 1898 attempt to reform the Qing dynasty | |
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| | Hundred Days Reform (1898), failed attempt to reform the Qing dynasty | |
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| | reformism (i.e. favoring gradual change as opposed to revolution) | |
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| | political reform | |
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| | mixed ownership reform (abbr. for 混合所有制改革) | |
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| | Wang Pi (-c. 806), Tang dynasty chancellor and a leader of failed Yongzhen reform 永貞革新｜永贞革新 of 805 | |
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| | direct management of a county by the province (PRC administrative reform) | |
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| | to recognize one's mistakes and be able to reform oneself (idiom) | |
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| | those who did not benefit from the Chinese economic reforms of the 1980s / see also 富二代 | |
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| | Prince Shōtoku Taiji (574-621), major Japanese statesman and reformer of the Asuka period 飛鳥時代｜飞鸟时代, proponent of state Buddhism, portrayed as Buddhist saint | |
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| | Hu-Wen New Administration (formed in 2003), ostensibly reform-oriented leadership of Hu Jintao 胡錦濤｜胡锦涛 and Wen Jiabao 溫家寶｜温家宝 | |
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| | steam reforming (chemistry) | |
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| | to change the laws / political reform / unconventional method | |
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| | reform of the medical system | |
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| | financial reform (abbr. for 金融改革) | |
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| | financial reform | |
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| | leading small group (LSG), a CCP body that exercises general oversight on matters relating to a specific area (LSG for foreign affairs 外事工作, LSG for comprehensively deepening reforms 全面深化改革 etc) / aka central leading group | |
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