| | (specifier) that; the; those (colloquial pr. [nei4]) / (pronoun) that (referring to persons, things or situations) / then (in that case) | HSK 1 |
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| | to think; to believe (often with the implication that the belief is mistaken – unless referring to one's own current belief) | HSK 2 |
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| | child; kid (used to refer to a child, or by an adult to address a child, or, in Taiwan, to refer to sb's own child) | HSK 1 |
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| | beforehand; first; earlier / at first; originally / for the time being; for now / (prefix) my late (in referring to deceased relatives older than oneself) | HSK 1 |
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| | to research / to check / to investigate / to examine / to refer to / to look up (e.g. a word in a dictionary) | HSK 2 |
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| | home / family / (polite) my (sister, uncle etc) / classifier for families or businesses / refers to the philosophical schools of pre-Han China / noun suffix for a specialist in some activity, such as a musician or revolutionary, corresponding to English -ist, -er, -ary or -ian / CL: 個｜个 | HSK 1 |
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| | plural marker for pronouns, and nouns referring to individuals | HSK 1 |
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| | finger / to point at or to / to indicate or refer to / to depend on / to count on / (of hair) to stand on end | HSK 3 |
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| | his / her / its / their / that / such / it (refers to sth preceding it) | HSK 5 |
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| | (after a verb or adjective) one who (is) ... / (after a noun) person involved in ... / -er / -ist / (used after a number or 後｜后 or 前 to refer to sth mentioned previously) / (used after a term, to mark a pause before defining the term) / (old) (used at the end of a command) / (old) this | HSK 3 |
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| | south; southern direction / (in China) southern regions, often referring to areas south of the Yangtze River | HSK 2 |
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| | to mention / to raise (a subject) / to refer to | HSK 2 |
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| | consultation / reference / to consult / to refer | HSK 4 |
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| | Chinese cabbage, esp. napa cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) / sometimes used to refer to bok choy (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) / CL: 棵 | HSK 3 |
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| | other people / sb else / he, she or they / I, me (referring to oneself as "one" or "people") | HSK 4 |
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| | to press / to push / to leave aside or shelve / to control / to restrain / to keep one's hand on / to check or refer to / according to / in the light of / (of an editor or author) to make a comment | HSK 3 |
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| | electric vehicle (commonly refers to e-bikes, scooters or electric cars) | HSK 4 |
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| | to submit (a report etc) / to refer (a problem) to sb | HSK 6 |
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| | to liberate / to emancipate / liberation / refers to the Communists' victory over the Nationalists in 1949 / CL: 次 | HSK 5 |
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| | lit. music, women, dogs and horses (traditional aristocratic amusements, with dogs and horses referring to activities such as hunting and riding) (idiom) / fig. wine, women and song; dissolute pleasures; a life of sensual indulgence | |
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| | to reform and open to the outside world / refers to Deng Xiaoping's policies from around 1980 | HSK 7-9 |
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| | what is meant by the expression ...; what is referred to as ... / (derog.) so-called | HSK 7-9 |
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| | person of low social status (old) / I, me (used to refer humbly to oneself) / nasty person / vile character | HSK 7-9 |
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| | vertical stroke (in Chinese characters), referred to as 豎筆｜竖笔 | |
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| | book (chiefly used to refer to a plurality of books or books in general) | |
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| | world with only two people (usually refers to a romantic couple) / romantic couple's world | |
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| | ice-free port (refers to Vladivostok) | |
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| | Xiao'erjing, refers to the use of the Arabic alphabet to write Chinese | |
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| | backscratcher (made from bamboo etc) / (may also refer to other products that are of benefit to old people, such as padded cloth shoes, mobility tricycle etc) | |
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| | to refer to / to speak about / to talk about | HSK 7-9 |
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| | (idiom) to observe with an indifferent attitude; to be a bystander (usually referring to someone who could get involved but chooses not to) | |
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| | old man / I (an old man referring to himself) | HSK 7-9 |
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| | a hundred flowers bloom, a hundred schools of thought contend (idiom); refers to the classical philosophic schools of the Warring States period 475-221 BC, but adopted for Mao's campaign of 1956 | |
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| | Greater China / refers to China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau (esp. in finance and economics) / refers to all areas of Chinese presence (esp. in the cultural field), including parts of Southeast Asia, Europe and the Americas | |
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| | term used by a teacher or master to refer to themself when speaking to their student | |
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| | to refer to / to be used in place of | |
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| | to refer to / see also / compare (cf.) / to pay respect to | HSK 7-9 |
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| | bright moon / refers to 夜明珠, a legendary pearl that can glow in the dark / CL: 輪｜轮 | |
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| | copious / plentiful (of water) / surging (of waves) / refers to home village of first Han emperor 漢高祖｜汉高祖 / fig. majestic | |
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| | to consult a reference / to refer to (another document) | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to split heaven and earth apart (idiom); refers to the Pangu 盤古｜盘古 creation myth | HSK 7-9 |
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| | Jiang Ziya is fishing, if you want it, take the hook (idiom, refers to early sage 姜子牙 fishing with no bait and the hook above the water); to put one's head in the noose | |
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| | lit. secretly crossing the Wei River 渭河 at Chencang (idiom, refers to a stratagem used by Liu Bang 劉邦｜刘邦 in 206 BC against Xiang Yu 項羽｜项羽 of Chu) / fig. to feign one thing while doing another / to cheat under cover of a diversion | |
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| | special administrative region (SAR), of which there are two in the PRC: Hong Kong 香港 and Macau 澳門｜澳门 / refers to many different areas during late Qing, foreign occupation, warlord period and Nationalist government / refers to special zones in North Korea and Indonesia | |
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| | two-item combo (usu. referring to a food dish, esp. two types of meat served with rice or noodles) / (real estate) duplex; semi-detached / (computing) double pinyin (input method in which each syllable is typed using no more than two keystrokes: one for the initial consonant and one for the final) | |
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| | a selfless, helpful person, like the model citizen Lei Feng 雷鋒｜雷锋 (often used to refer to sb in a joking or teasing way) | |
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| | (Buddhism) Pure Land, usually refers to Amitabha Buddha's Western Pure Land of Ultimate Bliss (Sukhavati in Sanskrit) | |
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| | to warm up wine / wine served warm, generally referring to Chinese wine such as 黃酒｜黄酒 or 白酒 | |
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| | term; name; way of referring to sb or sth | |
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| | to say a matter has no relationship with the individual referred to, to emphasize one is innocent or in the clear | |
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| | narcissus / daffodil / legendary aquatic immortal / refers to those buried at sea / person who wanders abroad and does not return | |
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| | to invade China (referring to 19th century imperialist powers and Japan) | |
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| | Dunhuang caves in Gansu / refers to Mogao caves 莫高石窟 | |
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| | to consult / to refer to / to read (instructions) | |
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| | Never forget national humiliation, refers to Mukden railway incident of 18th September 1931 九一八事變｜九一八事变 and subsequent Japanese annexation of Manchuria | |
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| | Political and Legal Affairs Commission (may refer to the national-level Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission, responsible for overseeing law enforcement, judicial affairs and domestic security, or a corresponding body at a lower administrative level) | |
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| | East and West Germany / refers to the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) and the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) | |
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| | (archaic) term used by a husband to refer to himself when speaking to his wife | |
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| | Iron Chancellor, refers to Otto von Bismarck (1815-1898), Prussian politician, minister-president of Prussia 1862-1873, Chancellor of Germany 1871-1890 | |
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| | to refer to / metaphor | |
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| | commonly referred to as / common term | |
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| | island nation (sometimes refers specifically to Japan) | |
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| | to go to Taiwan / refers to those who left China for Taiwan before the founding of PRC in 1949 | |
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| | lit. to shake one's body / refers to abrupt transformation / same as 搖身一變｜摇身一变 | |
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| | Hongmen feast / (fig.) banquet set up with the aim of murdering a guest / refers to a famous episode in 206 BC when future Han emperor Liu Bang 劉邦｜刘邦 escaped attempted murder by his rival Xiang Yu 項羽｜项羽 | |
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| | socialism with Chinese characteristics, phrase introduced by the CCP in 1986 to refer to its ideological model, embracing the economic reforms of the post-Mao era | |
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| | to face childbirth / about to give birth / refers esp. to the onset of regular contractions | |
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| | fifty (usually referring to sb's age) | |
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| | Han dynasty (206 BC-220 AD) / refers to the Western Han and Eastern Han | |
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| | Buddha (term of respect for Sakyamuni 釋迦牟尼｜释迦牟尼) / His Holiness (refers to a Buddhist grandee) / Buddha / God / emperor / in late Qing court, refers exclusively to Empress Dowager Cixi 慈禧太后 | |
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| | to refer broadly to / general term | |
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| | to travel around many countries (idiom); peregrinations / refers to the travels of Confucius | |
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| | Iron Curtain (1945-1991) (In Taiwan, the word was used to refer to both the Iron Curtain and the Bamboo Curtain.) | |
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| | to consult for reference / see also; please refer to | |
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| | lit. the lioness from Hedong roars (idiom) / fig. refers to a shrewish wife or a henpecked husband | |
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| | that one / that thing / that (as opposed to this) / (used before a verb or adjective for emphasis) / (used to humorously or indirectly refer to sth embarrassing, funny etc, or when one can't think of the right word) / (used in speech as a filler, similar to "umm", "you know" etc) / (euph.) menstruation / sex / also pr. [nei4 ge5] | |
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| | local girl (referring to a Taiwanese benshengren 本省人) | |
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| | (coll.) bicycle; bike (esp. in Hong Kong, Taiwan and southern China and, more generally, used across China to refer to a bike-share bicycle) | |
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| | lit. repair the plank road by day while secretly crossing the Wei River 渭河 at Chencang (idiom, refers to a stratagem used by Liu Bang 劉邦｜刘邦 in 206 BC against Xiang Yu 項羽｜项羽 of Chu) / fig. to feign one thing while doing another / to cheat under cover of a diversion | |
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| | full of trouble and misfortune (usu. referring to someone's life) | |
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| | (historical) middle peasant (PRC rural class category referring to a farmer with moderate land and resources who relies mainly on family labor) | |
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| | to grow (a plant) in a pot / potted plant (sometimes refers specifically to a bonsai plant) | |
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| | the author; the writer (usu. refers to oneself) | |
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| | systemic problem (sometimes refers specifically to corrupt practices) | HSK 7-9 |
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| | the roof of the world (usually refers to Tibet or Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau 青藏高原) | |
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| | to abolish the feudal Han and introduce modern prefectures (refers to reorganization during Meiji Japan) | |
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| | refers to academics employed as imperial secretaries from the Tang onwards, forming the Hanlin Imperial Academy 翰林院 | |
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| | refers to various monocotyledonous flowering plants including Acorus calamus and Typha orientalis / common cattail / bullrush | |
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| | on the aisle (referring to seats on a plane etc) | |
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| | (slang) maiden; young lady (orthographic borrowing from Japanese 乙女 "otome", used esp. to refer to romantic media and games aimed at women) | |
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| | the Song dynasty (960-1279) / refers to the Northern (960-1127) and Southern Song (1128-1279) | |
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| | to recommend sb; to give a referral | |
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| | as weighty as Mt Tai, as light as a feather (refers to death) | |
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| | Manchurian Qing (refers to the Qing dynasty, esp. at its decline, or as an anti-Qing slogan) | |
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| | queer uncle, referring to a young to middle-aged male pedophile (Internet slang) | |
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| | to address or refer to (sb) respectfully (as ...) / respectful term of address; honorific title | |
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| | to consult / to refer to / to look sth up in a reference source | |
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| | Greenwich (former location of Greenwich observatory, at zero longitude) / refers to Greenwich mean time | |
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| | Western skills / in Qing times, refers to Western technology, esp. military and naval know-how | |
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