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Traditional Pīnyīn		English Definition	Simplified HSK
太僕 tàipú	太僕 \| 太僕* \| *太僕	ministerial title in imperial China (in the Qin and Han dynasties, the minister responsible for the imperial stables)	太仆


秦 Qín	秦 \| 秦* \| *秦	surname Qin / Qin dynasty (221–207 BC) of the first emperor 秦始皇 / short name for 陝西｜陕西


侵 qīn	侵 \| 侵* \| *侵	to invade / to encroach / to infringe / to approach


琴 qín	琴 \| 琴* \| *琴	guqin 古琴 (a type of zither) / musical instrument in general	HSK 5


秦惠文王 Qín Huìwén Wáng	秦惠文王 \| 秦惠文王* \| *秦惠文王	King Huiwen of Qin 秦國｜秦国, ruled 338-311 BC during the Warring States Period


勤 qín	勤 \| 勤* \| *勤	diligent; industrious; hardworking / frequent; regular; constant / (bound form) work; duty; attendance


秦始皇 Qín Shǐhuáng	秦始皇 \| 秦始皇* \| *秦始皇	Qin Shihuang (259-210 BC), the first emperor


秦穆公 Qín Mùgōng	秦穆公 \| 秦穆公* \| *秦穆公	Duke Mu of Qin, the first substantial king of Qin (ruled 659-621 BC), sometimes considered one of the Five Hegemons 春秋五霸


匈奴 Xiōngnú	匈奴 \| 匈奴* \| *匈奴	Xiongnu, a people of the Eastern Steppe who created an empire that flourished around the time of the Qin and Han dynasties


古琴 gǔqín	古琴 \| 古琴* \| *古琴	guqin or qin, a long zither with seven strings, plucked with the fingers


巴蜀 Bāshǔ	巴蜀 \| 巴蜀* \| *巴蜀	Sichuan / originally two provinces of Qin and Han


琴瑟 qínsè	琴瑟 \| 琴瑟* \| *琴瑟	qin and se, two string instruments that play in perfect harmony / marital harmony


朝秦暮楚 zhāo Qínmù Chǔ	朝秦暮楚 \| 朝秦暮楚* \| *朝秦暮楚	serve Qin in the morning Chu in the evening (idiom); quick to switch sides


秦代 Qíndài	秦代 \| 秦代* \| *秦代	Qin dynasty (221-207 BC), founded by the first emperor Qin Shihuang 秦始皇, the first dynasty to rule the whole of China


先秦 xiān Qín	先秦 \| 先秦* \| *先秦	pre-Qin, Chinese history up to the foundation of the Qin imperial dynasty in 221 BC


李斯 Lǐ Sī	李斯 \| 李斯* \| *李斯	Li Si (c. 280-208 BC), Legalist philosopher, calligrapher and prime minister of Qin kingdom and Qin dynasty from 246 to 208 BC


太子丹 Tàizǐ Dān	太子丹 \| 太子丹* \| *太子丹	Prince Dan of Yan (-226 BC), commissioned the attempted assassination of King Ying Zheng of Qin 秦嬴政 (later the First Emperor 秦始皇) by Jing Ke 荊軻｜荆轲 in 227 BC


秦朝 Qíncháo	秦朝 \| 秦朝* \| *秦朝	Qin Dynasty (221-207 BC)


琴瑟和鳴 qínsèhémíng	琴瑟和鳴 \| 琴瑟和鳴* \| *琴瑟和鳴	in perfect harmony / in sync / lit. qin and se sing in harmony	琴瑟和鸣


商鞅變法 Shāng Yāngbiànfǎ	商鞅變法 \| 商鞅變法* \| *商鞅變法	Shang Yang's political reform of Qin state 秦國｜秦国 of 356 BC and 350 BC, that put it on the road to world domination	商鞅变法


覃 Qín	覃 \| 覃* \| *覃	surname Qin


秦末 Qínmò	秦末 \| 秦末* \| *秦末	the end of the Qin dynasty 207 BC


秦漢 Qín Hàn	秦漢 \| 秦漢* \| *秦漢	the Qin (221-207 BC) and Han (206 BC-220 AD) dynasties	秦汉


郫縣 Pí Xiàn	郫縣 \| 郫縣* \| *郫縣	Pi County, established during the Qin dynasty after the conquest of the ancient Shu Kingdom, historically known for its cultural heritage, strategic location, and culinary contributions, administratively reorganized in 2016 as Pidu District 郫都區｜郫都区, a suburban district of Chengdu, Sichuan	郫县


前秦 Qián Qín	前秦 \| 前秦* \| *前秦	Former Qin (351–395), a dynastic state of China during the Sixteen Kingdoms period


苻堅 Fú Jiān	苻堅 \| 苻堅* \| *苻堅	Fu Jian (338-385), emperor of Former Qin 前秦, reigning from 357-385	苻坚


秦檜 Qín Huì	秦檜 \| 秦檜* \| *秦檜	Qin Hui (1090-1155 AD), Song Dynasty official said to have betrayed General Yue Fei 岳飛｜岳飞	秦桧


趙高 Zhào Gāo	趙高 \| 趙高* \| *趙高	Zhao Gao (?-207 BC), one of the most vile, corrupt and powerful eunuchs in Chinese history, responsible for the fall of Qin Dynasty	赵高


陳勝 Chén Shèng	陳勝 \| 陳勝* \| *陳勝	Chen Sheng (died 208 BC), Qin dynasty rebel, leader of the Chen Sheng Wu Guang Uprising 陳勝吳廣起義｜陈胜吴广起义	陈胜


陳勝吳廣起義 Chén Shèng Wú Guǎng Qǐyì	陳勝…起義 \| 陳勝…起義* \| *陳勝…起義	Chen Sheng Wu Guang Uprising (209 BC), near the end of the Qin dynasty	陈胜吴广起义


商鞅 Shāng Yāng	商鞅 \| 商鞅* \| *商鞅	Shang Yang (c. 390-338 BC), legalist philosopher and statesman of the state of Qin 秦國｜秦国, whose reforms paved the way for the eventual unification of the Chinese empire by the Qin dynasty 秦朝


小篆 xiǎozhuàn	小篆 \| 小篆* \| *小篆	the small or lesser seal, the form of Chinese character standardized by the Qin dynasty


春秋五霸 Chūnqiū Wǔbà	春秋五霸 \| 春秋五霸* \| *春秋五霸	the Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn period (770-476 BC), namely: Duke Huan of Qi 齊桓公｜齐桓公, Duke Wen of Jin 晉文公｜晋文公, King Zhuang of Chu 楚莊王｜楚庄王, and alternatively Duke Xiang of Song 宋襄公 and Duke Mu of Qin 秦穆公 or King Helu of Wu 吳王闔閭｜吴王阖闾 and King Gou Jian of Yue 越王勾踐｜越王勾践


白起 Bái Qǐ	白起 \| 白起* \| *白起	Bai Qi (-258 BC), famous general of Qin 秦國｜秦国, the victor at 長平｜长平 in 260 BC / same as 公孫起｜公孙起


黃石公 Huáng Shígōng	黃石公 \| 黃石公* \| *黃石公	Huang Shigong, also known as Xia Huanggong 夏黃公｜夏黄公 (dates of birth and death uncertain), Daoist hermit of the Qin Dynasty 秦代 and purported author	黄石公


戰國末 zhànguómò	戰國末 \| 戰國末* \| *戰國末	late Warring States period, c. 250-221 BC before the First Emperor's Qin Dynasty	战国末


唚 qìn	唚 \| 唚* \| *唚	to vomit (of dogs and cats) / to rail against / to talk nonsense	吣


秦孝公 Qín Xiàogōng	秦孝公 \| 秦孝公* \| *秦孝公	Duke Xiao of Qin, 秦國｜秦国, ruled 361-338 BC during the Warring States Period


古音 gǔyīn	古音 \| 古音* \| *古音	ancient (esp. pre-Qin) pronunciation of a Chinese character / classical speech sounds


檎 qín	檎 \| 檎* \| *檎	used in 林檎


函谷關 Hángǔ Guān	函谷關 \| 函谷關* \| *函谷關	Hangu Pass in modern day Henan Province, strategic pass forming the eastern gate of the Qin State during the Warring States Period (770-221 BC)	函谷关


斷弦 duànxián	斷弦 \| 斷弦* \| *斷弦	widowed / lit. broken string, cf 琴瑟 qin and se, two instruments epitomizing marital harmony	断弦


樂經 Yuèjīng	樂經 \| 樂經* \| *樂經	Book of Music, said to be one of the Six Classics lost after Qin's burning of the books in 212 BC, but may simply refer to Book of Songs 詩經｜诗经	乐经


沁縣 Qìnxiàn	沁縣 \| 沁縣* \| *沁縣	Qin county in Changzhi 長治｜长治, Shanxi	沁县


秦韜玉 Qín Tāoyù	秦韜玉 \| 秦韜玉* \| *秦韜玉	Qin Taoyu, Tang poet, author of the poem "A Poor Woman" 貧女｜贫女	秦韬玉


孟姜女 Mèngjiāngnǚ	孟姜女 \| 孟姜女* \| *孟姜女	heroine of Qin dynasty 秦朝 folk tale, who searched for her husband, and whose tears broke down a stretch of the Great Wall to reveal his body


後秦 Hòu Qín	後秦 \| 後秦* \| *後秦	Later Qin of the Sixteen Kingdoms (384-417)	后秦


大篆 dàzhuàn	大篆 \| 大篆* \| *大篆	the great seal / used narrowly for 籀文 / used broadly for many pre-Qin scripts


秦篆 Qínzhuàn	秦篆 \| 秦篆* \| *秦篆	seal script as unified by the Qin dynasty / the small seal 小篆 and great seal 大篆


長平之戰 Chángpíngzhī Zhàn	長平之戰 \| 長平之戰* \| *長平之戰	Battle of Changping of 260 BC, at which the Qin army 秦軍｜秦军 encircled and annihilated a Zhao army of 400,000	长平之战


廉頗 Lián Pō	廉頗 \| 廉頗* \| *廉頗	Lian Po (327-243 BC), famous general of Zhao 趙國｜赵国, repeatedly victorious over Qin 秦國｜秦国 and Qi 齊國｜齐国	廉颇


擒 qín	擒 \| 擒* \| *擒	to capture


戰國策 Zhànguócè	戰國策 \| 戰國策* \| *戰國策	"Strategies of the Warring States", chronicle of the Warring States Period (475-220 BC), possibly written by Su Qin 蘇秦｜苏秦	战国策


琴瑟不調 qínsèbùtiáo	琴瑟不調 \| 琴瑟不調* \| *琴瑟不調	out of tune / marital discord, cf qin and se 琴瑟, two string instruments as symbol of marital harmony	琴瑟不调


寢 qǐn	寢 \| 寢* \| *寢	(bound form) to lie down to sleep or rest / (bound form) bedroom / (bound form) imperial tomb / (literary) to stop; to cease	寝


秦二世 Qín Èrshì	秦二世 \| 秦二世* \| *秦二世	Qin Ershi (229-207 BC), second Qin emperor


秦牧 Qín Mù	秦牧 \| 秦牧* \| *秦牧	Qin Mu (1919-1992), educator and prolific writer


衾 qīn	衾 \| 衾* \| *衾	coverlet / quilt


徐福 Xú Fú	徐福 \| 徐福* \| *徐福	Xu Fu (3rd century BC), Qin dynasty court necromancer


綅 qīn	綅 \| 綅* \| *綅	red silk crest of helmet


芹 qín	芹 \| 芹* \| *芹	Chinese celery


秦國 Qínguó	秦國 \| 秦國* \| *秦國	the state of Qin, one of the seven states of the Warring States Period (475-220 BC)	秦国


菣 qìn	菣 \| 菣* \| *菣	Artemisia apiacea


呂氏春秋 Lǚshì Chūnqiū	呂氏春秋 \| 呂氏春秋* \| *呂氏春秋	lit. “Mr. Lü's Spring and Autumn (Annals)”, compendium of the philosophies of the Hundred Schools of Thought 諸子百家｜诸子百家, compiled around 239 BC under the patronage of Qin Dynasty 秦代 Chancellor Lü Buwei 呂不韋｜吕不韦	吕氏春秋


秦軍 Qínjūn	秦軍 \| 秦軍* \| *秦軍	the Qin army (model for the terracotta warriors)	秦军


冠禮 guànlǐ	冠禮 \| 冠禮* \| *冠禮	the capping ceremony, a Confucian coming of age ceremony for males dating from pre-Qin times, performed when a boy reaches the age of 20, involving the ritual placing of caps on the head of the young man	冠礼


呂不韋 Lǚ Bùwéi	呂不韋 \| 呂不韋* \| *呂不韋	Lü Buwei (?291-235 BC), merchant and politician of the State of Qin 秦國｜秦国, subsequent Qin Dynasty 秦代 Chancellor, allegedly the father of Ying Zheng 嬴政, who subsequently became the first emperor Qin Shihuang 秦始皇	吕不韦


嶔 qīn	嶔 \| 嶔* \| *嶔	loftiness (of mountain)	嵚


戰國末年 zhànguómònián	戰國末年 \| 戰國末年* \| *戰國末年	late Warring States period, c. 250-221 BC before the First Emperor's Qin Dynasty	战国末年


燕太子丹 Yān Tàizǐ Dān	燕太子丹 \| 燕太子丹* \| *燕太子丹	Prince Dan of Yan (-226 BC), commissioned the attempted assassination of King Ying Zheng of Qin 秦嬴政 (later the First Emperor 秦始皇) by Jing Ke 荊軻｜荆轲 in 227 BC


長平 Chángpíng	長平 \| 長平* \| *長平	Changping, place name in Gaoping County 高平縣｜高平县, southern Shanxi, the scene of the great battle of 262-260 BC between Qin and Zhao	长平


庈 qín	庈 \| 庈* \| *庈	(person)


西秦 Xī Qín	西秦 \| 西秦* \| *西秦	Western Qin of the Sixteen Kingdoms (385-431)


吳廣 Wú Guǎng	吳廣 \| 吳廣* \| *吳廣	Wu Guang (died 208 BC), Qin dynasty rebel, leader of the Chen Sheng Wu Guang Uprising 陳勝吳廣起義｜陈胜吴广起义	吴广


狄 Dí	狄 \| 狄* \| *狄	surname Di / generic name for northern ethnic minorities during the Qin and Han Dynasties (221 BC-220 AD)


親 qīn	親 \| 親* \| *親	parent / one's own (flesh and blood) / relative / related / marriage / bride / close / intimate / in person / first-hand / in favor of / pro- / to kiss / (Internet slang) dear	亲 HSK 3


玉人吹簫 yùrénchuīxiāo	玉人吹簫 \| 玉人吹簫* \| *玉人吹簫	virtuoso piper wins a beauty / the xiao 簫｜箫 (mouth organ) virtuoso 蕭史｜萧史 won for his wife the beautiful daughter of Duke Mu of Qin 秦穆公	玉人吹箫


嫪毐 Lào Ǎi	嫪毐 \| 嫪毐* \| *嫪毐	Lao Ai (-238 BC), man of Qin famous for his giant penis / in fiction, bogus eunuch and the consort of king Ying Zheng's mother lady Zhao


螓 qín	螓 \| 螓* \| *螓	small cicada with a square head


雂 qín	雂 \| 雂* \| *雂	(bird)


秦火 Qínhuǒ	秦火 \| 秦火* \| *秦火	the Qin burning of the books in 212 BC


慬 qín	慬 \| 慬* \| *慬	(literary) brave / worried / distressed


駸 qīn	駸 \| 駸* \| *駸	fleet horse	骎


公孫起 Gōngsūn Qǐ	公孫起 \| 公孫起* \| *公孫起	Gongsun Qi (-258 BC), famous general of Qin 秦國｜秦国, the victor at 長平｜长平 in 260 BC / same as Bai Qi 白起	公孙起


阿房宮 Ēpáng Gōng	阿房宮 \| 阿房宮* \| *阿房宮	Epang Palace, palace complex in western Xi'an built by Qin Shihuang 秦始皇 / also pr. [E1fang2 Gong1]	阿房宫


欽 Qīn	欽 \| 欽* \| *欽	surname Qin	钦


欽 qīn	欽 \| 欽* \| *欽	to respect / to admire / to venerate / by the emperor himself	钦


王猛 Wáng Měng	王猛 \| 王猛* \| *王猛	Wang Meng (325-375), prime minister to Fu Jian 苻堅｜苻坚 of Former Qin 前秦


周勃 Zhōu Bó	周勃 \| 周勃* \| *周勃	Zhou Bo (?-169 BC), military man and politician at the Qin-Han transition, a founding minister of Western Han


夏黃公 Xià Huánggōng	夏黃公 \| 夏黃公* \| *夏黃公	Xia Huanggong also known as Huang Shigong 黃石公｜黄石公 (dates of birth and death uncertain), Daoist hermit of the Qin Dynasty 秦代 and purported author of “Three Strategies of Huang Shigong” 黃石公三略｜黄石公三略, one of the Seven Military Classics of ancient China 武經七書｜武经七书	夏黄公


秦越人 Qín Yuèrén	秦越人 \| 秦越人* \| *秦越人	Qin Yueren (407-310 BC), Warring States physician known for his medical skills


尉繚 Wèi Liáo	尉繚 \| 尉繚* \| *尉繚	Wei Lao (c. 450 BC, dates of birth and death unknown), advisor to the first Qin emperor Qin Shihuang 秦始皇, possible author of the Wei Liaozi 尉繚子｜尉缭子 text on military strategy	尉缭


秦安縣 Qín'ān Xiàn	秦安縣 \| 秦安縣* \| *秦安縣	Qin'an, a county in Tianshui City 天水市, Gansu	秦安县


程邈 Chéng Miǎo	程邈 \| 程邈* \| *程邈	Cheng Miao, a jailer-turned-prisoner in the Qin dynasty who created the clerical style of Chinese calligraphy


縱橫家 Zònghéngjiā	縱橫家 \| 縱橫家* \| *縱橫家	School of Diplomacy of the Warring States Period (475-221 BC) whose leading advocates were Su Qin 蘇秦｜苏秦 and Zhang Yi 張儀｜张仪	纵横家


撳 qìn	撳 \| 撳* \| *撳	to press (with one's hand or finger)	揿


獫狁 Xiǎnyǔn	獫狁 \| 獫狁* \| *獫狁	Zhou Dynasty term for a northern nomadic tribe later called the Xiongnu 匈奴 in the Qin and Han Dynasties	猃狁


舒夢蘭 Shū Mènglán	舒夢蘭 \| 舒夢蘭* \| *舒夢蘭	Shu Menglan (1759-1835), Qin dynasty writer, poet and editor of Anthology of ci poems tunes 白香詞譜｜白香词谱	舒梦兰


荊軻 Jīng Kē	荊軻 \| 荊軻* \| *荊軻	Jing Ke (-227 BC), celebrated in verse and fiction as would-be assassin of King Ying Zheng of Qin 秦嬴政 (later the First Emperor 秦始皇)	荆轲


蒙恬 Méng Tián	蒙恬 \| 蒙恬* \| *蒙恬	Qin general Meng Tian (-210 BC), involved in 215 BC in fighting the Northern Xiongnu 匈奴 and building the great wall

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