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Simplified Pīnyīn		English Definition	Traditional HSK
刘 Liú	刘 \| 刘* \| *刘	surname Liu	劉


柳 Liǔ	柳 \| 柳* \| *柳	surname Liu


刘邦 Liú Bāng	刘邦 \| 刘邦* \| *刘邦	Liu Bang (256 or 247-195 BC), bandit leader who became first Han emperor Han Gaozu 漢高祖｜汉高祖 (reigned 202-195 BC)	劉邦


蜀汉 Shǔ Hàn	蜀汉 \| 蜀汉* \| *蜀汉	Shu Han (c. 200-263), Liu Bei's kingdom in Sichuan during the Three Kingdoms, claiming legitimacy as successor of Han	蜀漢


唐书 Tángshū	唐书 \| 唐书* \| *唐书	same as 舊唐書｜旧唐书, History of the Early Tang Dynasty, sixteenth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, compiled under Liu Xu 劉昫｜刘昫 in 945 during Later Jin 後晉｜后晋 of the Five Dynasties, 200 scrolls	唐書


三顾茅庐 sāngùmáolú	三顾茅庐 \| 三顾茅庐* \| *三顾茅庐	lit. to make three visits to the thatched cottage (idiom) (allusion to an episode in Romance of the Three Kingdoms 三國演義｜三国演义 in which Liu Bei 劉備｜刘备 recruits Zhuge Liang 諸葛亮｜诸葛亮 to his cause by visiting him three times) / fig. to make earnest and repeated requests of sb	三顧茅廬


蜀国 Shǔguó	蜀国 \| 蜀国* \| *蜀国	Sichuan / the state of Shu in Sichuan at different periods / the Shu Han dynasty (214-263) of Liu Bei 劉備｜刘备 during the Three Kingdoms	蜀國


关羽 Guān Yǔ	关羽 \| 关羽* \| *关羽	Guan Yu (-219), general of Shu and blood-brother of Liu Bei in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, fearsome fighter famous for virtue and loyalty / posthumously worshipped and identified with the guardian Bodhisattva Sangharama	關羽


阿斗 Ādǒu	阿斗 \| 阿斗* \| *阿斗	A-dou, nickname of Liu Shan 劉禪｜刘禅 (207-271), son of Liu Bei, reigned as Shu Han emperor 233-263 / (fig.) weak and inept person


暗渡陈仓 àndù Chéncāng	暗渡陈仓 \| 暗渡陈仓* \| *暗渡陈仓	lit. secretly crossing the Wei River 渭河 at Chencang (idiom, refers to a stratagem used by Liu Bang 劉邦｜刘邦 in 206 BC against Xiang Yu 項羽｜项羽 of Chu) / fig. to feign one thing while doing another / to cheat under cover of a diversion	暗渡陳倉


项庄舞剑 Xiàng Zhuāngwǔjiàn	项庄舞剑 \| 项庄舞剑* \| *项庄舞剑	lit. Xiang Zhuang performs the sword dance, but his mind is set on Liu Bang 劉邦｜刘邦 (idiom, refers to plot to kill Liu Bang during the Hongmen feast 鴻門宴｜鸿门宴 in 206 BC) / fig. an elaborate deception hiding malicious intent	項莊舞劍


柳体 Liǔtǐ	柳体 \| 柳体* \| *柳体	calligraphic style of Liu Gongquan	柳體


明修栈道，暗渡陈仓 míngxiūzhàndào, 'àndù Chéncāng	明修…陈仓 \| 明修…陈仓* \| *明修…陈仓	lit. repair the plank road by day while secretly crossing the Wei River 渭河 at Chencang (idiom, refers to a stratagem used by Liu Bang 劉邦｜刘邦 in 206 BC against Xiang Yu 項羽｜项羽 of Chu) / fig. to feign one thing while doing another / to cheat under cover of a diversion	明修棧道，暗渡陳倉


刘备 Liú Bèi	刘备 \| 刘备* \| *刘备	Liu Bei (161-223), warlord at the end of the Han dynasty and founder of the Han kingdom of Shu 蜀漢｜蜀汉 (c. 200-263), later the Shu Han dynasty	劉備


韩信 Hán Xìn	韩信 \| 韩信* \| *韩信	Han Xin (-196 BC), famous general of first Han emperor Liu Bang 劉邦｜刘邦	韓信


萧何 Xiāo Hé	萧何 \| 萧何* \| *萧何	Xiao He (-193 BC), famous strategist and chancellor, fought on Liu Bang's 劉邦｜刘邦 side during the Chu-Han Contention 楚漢戰爭｜楚汉战争	蕭何


刘安 Liú Ān	刘安 \| 刘安* \| *刘安	Liu An (179-122 BC), King of Huainan under the Western Han, ordered the writing of the 淮南子	劉安


曹参 Cáo Cān	曹参 \| 曹参* \| *曹参	Cao Can (-190 BC), second chancellor of Han Dynasty, contributed to its founding by fighting on Liu Bang's 劉邦｜刘邦 side during the Chu-Han Contention 楚漢戰爭｜楚汉战争 / also pr. [Cao2 Shen1]	曹參


刘翔 Liú Xiáng	刘翔 \| 刘翔* \| *刘翔	Liu Xiang (1983-), Chinese gold-medal hurdler of the 2004 Olympic Games	劉翔


刘表 Liú Biǎo	刘表 \| 刘表* \| *刘表	Liu Biao (142-208), warlord	劉表


刘禅 Liú Shàn	刘禅 \| 刘禅* \| *刘禅	Liu Shan (207-271), son of Liu Bei, reigned as Shu Han emperor 233-263 / Taiwan pr. [Liu2 Chan2]	劉禪


刘慈欣 Liú Cíxīn	刘慈欣 \| 刘慈欣* \| *刘慈欣	Liu Cixin (1963-), Chinese science fiction writer	劉慈欣


刘基 Liú Jī	刘基 \| 刘基* \| *刘基	Liu Ji or Liu Bowen 劉伯溫｜刘伯温 (1311-1375), general under the first Ming emperor Zhu Yuanzhang 朱元璋, with a reputation as a military genius	劉基


刘熙 Liú Xī	刘熙 \| 刘熙* \| *刘熙	Liu Xi (late Han, c. 200 AD), possibly the author of 釋名｜释名	劉熙


刘向 Liú Xiàng	刘向 \| 刘向* \| *刘向	Liu Xiang (77-6 BC), Han Dynasty scholar and author	劉向


刘恒 Liú Héng	刘恒 \| 刘恒* \| *刘恒	Liu Heng, personal name of Han emperor Han Wendi 漢文帝｜汉文帝 / Liu Heng (1954-), Chinese writer	劉恆


柳青 Liǔ Qīng	柳青 \| 柳青* \| *柳青	Liu Qing (1916-1978), writer


刘裕 Liú Yù	刘裕 \| 刘裕* \| *刘裕	Liu Yu, founder of Song of the Southern dynasties 劉宋｜刘宋, broke away from Eastern Jin in 420, reigned as Emperor Wu of Song 宋武帝	劉裕


柳永 Liǔ Yǒng	柳永 \| 柳永* \| *柳永	Liu Yong (987-1053), Song poet


宋书 Sòngshū	宋书 \| 宋书* \| *宋书	History of Song of the Southern Dynasties 南朝宋 or Liu Song 劉宋｜刘宋, sixth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, compiled by Shen Yue 沈約｜沈约 in 488 during Liang of the Southern Dynasties 南朝梁, 100 scrolls / (not to be confused with 宋史)	宋書


刘洋 Liú Yáng	刘洋 \| 刘洋* \| *刘洋	Liu Yang (1978-), China's first female astronaut in space (June 16, 2012)	劉洋


世说新语 Shìshuō Xīnyǔ	世说新语 \| 世说新语* \| *世说新语	A New Account of the Tales of the World, collection of anecdotes, conversations, remarks etc of historic personalities, compiled and edited by Liu Yiqing 劉義慶｜刘义庆	世說新語


刘心武 Liú Xīnwǔ	刘心武 \| 刘心武* \| *刘心武	Liu Xinwu (1942-), novelist	劉心武


刘渊 Liú Yuān	刘渊 \| 刘渊* \| *刘渊	Liu Yuan (c. 251-310), warlord at the end of the Western Jin dynasty 西晉｜西晋, founder of Cheng Han of the Sixteen Kingdoms 成漢｜成汉 (304-347)	劉淵


刘毅 Liú Yì	刘毅 \| 刘毅* \| *刘毅	Liu Yi (-285), famous incorruptible official of Western Jin dynasty the Western Jin dynasty 西晉｜西晋 (265-316) / Liu Yi (-412), general of Eastern Jin dynasty 東晉｜东晋 (317-420)	劉毅


刘鹗 Liú È	刘鹗 \| 刘鹗* \| *刘鹗	Liu E (1857-1909), late Qing novelist, author of 老殘遊記｜老残游记	劉鶚


刘伯温 Liú Bówēn	刘伯温 \| 刘伯温* \| *刘伯温	Liu Bowen (1311-1375), general under the first Ming emperor Zhu Yuanzhang 朱元璋, with a reputation as a military genius, also called Liu Ji 劉基｜刘基	劉伯溫


刘晓波 Liú Xiǎobō	刘晓波 \| 刘晓波* \| *刘晓波	Liu Xiaobo (1955-2017), Beijing writer and human rights activist, organizer of petition Charter 2008 零八憲章｜零八宪章, Nobel Peace Prize laureate in 2010	劉曉波


鸿门宴 Hóngményàn	鸿门宴 \| 鸿门宴* \| *鸿门宴	Hongmen feast / (fig.) banquet set up with the aim of murdering a guest / refers to a famous episode in 206 BC when future Han emperor Liu Bang 劉邦｜刘邦 escaped attempted murder by his rival Xiang Yu 項羽｜项羽	鴻門宴


刘禹锡 Liú Yǔxī	刘禹锡 \| 刘禹锡* \| *刘禹锡	Liu Yuxi (772-842), Tang poet	劉禹錫


旧唐书 Jiù Tángshū	旧唐书 \| 旧唐书* \| *旧唐书	History of the Early Tang Dynasty, sixteenth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, compiled under Liu Xu 劉昫｜刘昫 in 945 during Later Jin 後晉｜后晋 of the Five Dynasties, 200 scrolls	舊唐書


刘昫 Liú Xù	刘昫 \| 刘昫* \| *刘昫	Liu Xu (887-946), politician in Later Jin of the Five Dynasties 後晉｜后晋, compiled History of Early Tang Dynasty 舊唐書｜旧唐书	劉昫


柳公权 Liǔ Gōngquán	柳公权 \| 柳公权* \| *柳公权	Liu Gongquan (778-865), Tang calligrapher	柳公權


张飞 Zhāng Fēi	张飞 \| 张飞* \| *张飞	Zhang Fei (168-221), general of Shu and blood-brother of Liu Bei in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, famous as fearsome fighter and lover of wine	張飛


桃园三结义 Táoyuán Sān Jiéyì	桃园三结义 \| 桃园三结义* \| *桃园三结义	Oath of the Peach Garden, sworn by Liu Bei 劉備｜刘备, Zhang Fei 張飛｜张飞 and Guan Yu 關羽｜关羽 at the start of the Romance of Three Kingdoms 三國演義｜三国演义	桃園三結義


刘义庆 Liú Yìqìng	刘义庆 \| 刘义庆* \| *刘义庆	Liu Yiqing (403-444), writer of South Song Dynasty, compiler and editor of A New Account of the Tales of the World 世說新語｜世说新语	劉義慶


楚汉战争 Chǔ Hàn Zhànzhēng	楚汉战争 \| 楚汉战争* \| *楚汉战争	Chu-Han Contention (206-202 BC), power struggle between Liu Bang 劉邦｜刘邦 of Han and Xiang Yu 項羽｜项羽 of Chu	楚漢戰爭


刘天华 Liú Tiānhuá	刘天华 \| 刘天华* \| *刘天华	Liu Tianhua (1895-1932), Chinese musician and composer	劉天華


戊戌六君子 Wùxū Liùjūnzǐ	戊戌六君子 \| 戊戌六君子* \| *戊戌六君子	the Six Gentlemen Martyrs of the failed reform movement of 1898, executed in its aftermath, namely: Tan Sitong 譚嗣同｜谭嗣同, Lin Xu 林旭, Yang Shenxiu 楊深秀｜杨深秀, Liu Guangdi 劉光第｜刘光第, Kang Guangren 康廣仁｜康广仁 and Yang Rui 楊銳｜杨锐


刘师培 Liú Shīpéi	刘师培 \| 刘师培* \| *刘师培	Liu Shipei (1884-1919), Chinese anarchist and revolutionary activist	劉師培


三国演义 Sānguó Yǎnyì	三国演义 \| 三国演义* \| *三国演义	Romance of the Three Kingdoms by Luo Guanzhong 羅貫中｜罗贯中, one of the Four Classic Novels of Chinese literature, a fictional account of the Three Kingdoms at the break-up of the Han around 200 AD, portraying Liu Bei's 劉備｜刘备 Shu Han 蜀漢｜蜀汉 as heroes and Cao Cao's 曹操 Wei 魏 as villains	三國演義


刘光第 Liú Guāngdì	刘光第 \| 刘光第* \| *刘光第	Liu Guangdi (1859-1898), one of the Six Gentlemen Martyrs 戊戌六君子 of the unsuccessful reform movement of 1898	劉光第


刘云山 Liú Yúnshān	刘云山 \| 刘云山* \| *刘云山	Liu Yunshan (1947-), PRC politician, background in journalism in Inner Mongolia, head of the Central Propaganda Department 2002-2012	劉雲山


断袖之癖 duànxiùzhīpǐ	断袖之癖 \| 断袖之癖* \| *断袖之癖	lit. cut sleeve (idiom); fig. euphemism for homosexuality, originating from History of Western Han 漢書｜汉书: emperor Han Aidi (real name Liu Xin) was in bed with his lover Dong Xian, and had to attend a court audience that morning. Not wishing to awaken Dong Xian, who was sleeping with his head resting on the emperor's long robe sleeve, Aidi used a knife to cut off the lower half of his sleeve.	斷袖之癖


刘贵今 Liú Guìjīn	刘贵今 \| 刘贵今* \| *刘贵今	Liu Guijin (1945-), PRC diplomat, special representative to Africa from 2007, Chinese specialist on Sudan and the Darfur issue	劉貴今


刘宾雁 Liú Bīnyàn	刘宾雁 \| 刘宾雁* \| *刘宾雁	Liu Binyan (1925-2005), journalist and novelist, condemned by Mao as rightist faction in 1957, subsequently dissident writer	劉賓雁


宋武帝 Sòng Wǔdì	宋武帝 \| 宋武帝* \| *宋武帝	Emperor Wu of Song (363-422), personal name Liu Yu 劉裕｜刘裕, founder of Song of the Southern dynasties 劉宋｜刘宋, broke away from Eastern Jin in 420, reigned 420-422


项庄舞剑，意在沛公 Xiàng Zhuāngwǔjiàn, yìzài Pèigōng	项庄…沛公 \| 项庄…沛公* \| *项庄…沛公	lit. Xiang Zhuang performs the sword dance, but his mind is set on Liu Bang 劉邦｜刘邦 (idiom); refers to 206 BC plot to murder Liu Bang, aka Duke of Pei 沛公 and the future Han emperor, during a sword dance at the Hongmen feast 鴻門宴｜鸿门宴 / an elaborate deception to hide malicious intent	項莊舞劍，意在沛公


刘家辉 Liú Jiāhuī	刘家辉 \| 刘家辉* \| *刘家辉	Gordon Liu (1955-), Hong Kong action actor	劉家輝


刘涓子 Liú Juānzǐ	刘涓子 \| 刘涓子* \| *刘涓子	Liu Juanzi, legendary alchemist and creator of magic potions	劉涓子


南朝宋 Náncháo Sòng	南朝宋 \| 南朝宋* \| *南朝宋	Song of the Southern dynasties (420-479), with capital at Nanjing / also known as Liu Song 劉宋｜刘宋


唐宋八大家 Táng- Sòngbādàjiā	唐宋八大家 \| 唐宋八大家* \| *唐宋八大家	the eight giants of Tang and Song prose, esp. involved in the Classics movement 古文運動｜古文运动, namely: Han Yu 韓愈｜韩愈, Liu Zongyuan 柳宗元, Ouyang Xiu 歐陽修｜欧阳修, the three Su's 三蘇｜三苏, Wang Anshi 王安石, Zeng Gong 曾鞏｜曾巩


李叔同 Lǐ Shūtóng	李叔同 \| 李叔同* \| *李叔同	Liu Shutong (1880-1942), painter, Buddhist monk and distinguished figure in New Culture Movement 新文化運動｜新文化运动 after the Xinhai Revolution 辛亥革命 of 1911


汉高祖 Hàn Gāozǔ	汉高祖 \| 汉高祖* \| *汉高祖	posthumous name of the first Han emperor Liu Bang 劉邦｜刘邦 (256 or 247-195 BC), reigned 202-195 BC	漢高祖


老残游记 Lǎo Cán Yóujì	老残游记 \| 老残游记* \| *老残游记	The Travels of Lao Tsan, novel by late Qing novelist Liu E 劉鶚｜刘鹗	老殘遊記


五虎将 Wǔhǔjiàng	五虎将 \| 五虎将* \| *五虎将	Liu Bei's five great generals in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, namely: Guan Yu 關羽｜关羽, Zhang Fei 張飛｜张飞, Zhao Yun 趙雲｜赵云, Ma Chao 馬超｜马超, Huang Zhong 黃忠｜黄忠	五虎將


先帝遗诏 xiāndìyízhào	先帝遗诏 \| 先帝遗诏* \| *先帝遗诏	posthumous edict of a former emperor / Liu Bei's 劉備｜刘备 edict to posterity	先帝遺詔


刘剑峰 Liú Jiànfēng	刘剑峰 \| 刘剑峰* \| *刘剑峰	Liu Jianfeng (1936-), second governor of Hainan	劉劍峰


刘厚总 Liú Hòuzǒng	刘厚总 \| 刘厚总* \| *刘厚总	Liu Houzong (1904-1949), originally Hunan guerilla leader, rewarded by Chiang Kaishek for killing Xiang Ying 項英｜项英 during the 1941 New Fourth Army incident 皖南事變｜皖南事变	劉厚總


刘奭 Liú Shì	刘奭 \| 刘奭* \| *刘奭	Liu Shi, personal name of Han Emperor Yuandi 漢元帝｜汉元帝	劉奭


刘姥姥进大观园 Liúlǎolaojìn Dàguānyuán	刘姥…观园 \| 刘姥…观园* \| *刘姥…观园	Granny Liu visits the Grand View gardens / (of a simple person) to be overwhelmed by new experiences and luxurious surroundings	劉姥姥進大觀園


刘少奇 Liú Shàoqí	刘少奇 \| 刘少奇* \| *刘少奇	Liu Shaoqi (1898-1969), Chinese communist leader, a martyr of the Cultural Revolution	劉少奇


刘涓子鬼遗方 Liú Juānzǐguǐyífāng	刘涓…遗方 \| 刘涓…遗方* \| *刘涓…遗方	Liu Juanzi's medical recipes bequeathed by the ghost Huang Fugui 黃父鬼｜黄父鬼	劉涓子鬼遺方


刘金宝 Liú Jīnbǎo	刘金宝 \| 刘金宝* \| *刘金宝	Liu Jinbao (1952-), CEO of the Bank of China (Hong Kong) 1997-2003, jailed after being convicted of embezzlement	劉金寶


柳宗元 Liǔ Zōngyuán	柳宗元 \| 柳宗元* \| *柳宗元	Liu Zongyuan (773-819), Tang essayist and poet, advocate of the classical writing 古文運動｜古文运动 and neoclassical 復古｜复古 movements


柳毅传 Liǔ Yìzhuàn	柳毅传 \| 柳毅传* \| *柳毅传	story of Liu Yi, Tang fantasy fiction by Li Chaowei 李朝威, popular with dramatist of subsequent dynasties	柳毅傳


汉元帝 Hàn Yuándì	汉元帝 \| 汉元帝* \| *汉元帝	Yuan Emperor, reign name of Han Dynasty emperor Liu Shi 劉奭｜刘奭, (74-33 BC), reigned 48-33 BC	漢元帝


汉文帝 Hàn Wéndì	汉文帝 \| 汉文帝* \| *汉文帝	Emperor Wen of Han (202-157 BC), fourth Han emperor, personal name Liu Heng 劉恆｜刘恒, reigned 180-157 BC	漢文帝


汉文帝刘恒 Hànwéndì Liúhéng	汉文帝刘恒 \| 汉文帝刘恒* \| *汉文帝刘恒	Liu Heng (202-157 BC), the fourth Han emperor Han Wendi, reigned 180-157 BC	漢文帝劉恆


百胜难虑敌，三折乃良医 bǎishèngnánlǜdí, sānzhénǎiliángyī	百胜…良医 \| 百胜…良医* \| *百胜…良医	(a line from a poem by the Tang poet Liu Yuxi 劉禹錫｜刘禹锡) one gains very little insight into one's enemy from a hundred victories, but he who breaks his arm three times will be a good doctor / (fig.) one learns more from one's failures than from one's successes	百勝難慮敵，三折乃良醫


黄父鬼 Huángfùguǐ	黄父鬼 \| 黄父鬼* \| *黄父鬼	Huang Fugui, ghost of legends who provided Liu Juanzi with his magical recipes 劉涓子鬼遺方｜刘涓子鬼遗方	黃父鬼

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