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Simplified Pīnyīn		English Definition	Traditional HSK
王国 wángguó	王国 \| 王国* \| *王国	kingdom / realm	王國 HSK 7-9


英国 Yīngguó	英国 \| 英国* \| *英国	United Kingdom (UK); Britain	英國


西凉 Xī Liáng	西凉 \| 西凉* \| *西凉	Western Liang of the Sixteen Kingdoms (400-421)	西涼


赵 Zhào	赵 \| 赵* \| *赵	surname Zhao / one of the seven states during the Warring States period (476-220 BC) / the Former Zhao 前趙｜前赵 (304-329) and Later Zhao 後趙｜后赵 (319-350), states of the Sixteen Kingdoms	趙


夏 Xià	夏 \| 夏* \| *夏	the Xia or Hsia dynasty c. 2000 BC / Xia of the Sixteen Kingdoms (407-432) / surname Xia


王 wàng	王 \| 王* \| *王	(literary) (of a monarch) to reign over (a kingdom)


燕 Yān	燕 \| 燕* \| *燕	Yan, a vassal state of Zhou in present-day Hebei and Liaoning / north Hebei / the four Yan kingdoms of the Sixteen Kingdoms, namely: Former Yan 前燕 (337-370), Later Yan 後燕｜后燕 (384-409), Southern Yan 南燕 (398-410), Northern Yan 北燕 (409-436) / surname Yan


前秦 Qián Qín	前秦 \| 前秦* \| *前秦	Former Qin of the Sixteen Kingdoms (351-395)


汤加 Tāngjiā	汤加 \| 汤加* \| *汤加	Tonga, South Pacific archipelago kingdom	湯加


蜀 Shǔ	蜀 \| 蜀* \| *蜀	short name for Sichuan 四川 province / one of the Three Kingdoms 三國｜三国 after the Han dynasty, also called 蜀漢｜蜀汉, situated around what is now Sichuan province


楚 Chǔ	楚 \| 楚* \| *楚	surname Chu / abbr. for Hubei 湖北省 and Hunan 湖南省 provinces together / Chinese kingdom during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods (722-221 BC)


三国 Sānguó	三国 \| 三国* \| *三国	Three Kingdoms period (220-280) in Chinese history / any of several Three Kingdoms periods in Korean history, esp. from 1st century AD to unification under Silla 新羅｜新罗 in 658	三國


英 Yīng	英 \| 英* \| *英	United Kingdom / British / England / English / abbr. for 英國｜英国


东吴 Dōng Wú	东吴 \| 东吴* \| *东吴	Eastern Wu (222-280) / the southern state of Wu during the Three Kingdoms period, founded by Sun Quan 孫權｜孙权	東吳


丞相 chéngxiàng	丞相 \| 丞相* \| *丞相	the most senior minister of many kingdoms or dynasties (with varying roles) / prime minister


凉 Liáng	凉 \| 凉* \| *凉	the five Liang of the Sixteen Kingdoms, namely: Former Liang 前涼｜前凉 (314-376), Later Liang 後涼｜后凉 (386-403), Northern Liang 北涼｜北凉 (398-439), Southern Liang 南涼｜南凉 (397-414), Western Liang 西涼｜西凉 (400-421)	涼


伦敦 Lúndūn	伦敦 \| 伦敦* \| *伦敦	London, capital of United Kingdom	倫敦


魏 Wèi	魏 \| 魏* \| *魏	surname Wei / name of a vassal state of the Zhou dynasty from 661 BC in Shanxi, one of the Seven Hero Warring States / Wei state, founded by Cao Cao 曹操, one of the Three Kingdoms after the Han dynasty / the Wei dynasty 221-265 / Wei Prefecture or Wei County at various times in history


天国 tiānguó	天国 \| 天国* \| *天国	Kingdom of Heaven	天國


勃艮第 Bógèndì	勃艮第 \| 勃艮第* \| *勃艮第	Burgundy (Bourgogne), a medieval kingdom and later a powerful duchy, now a region of France


蜀汉 Shǔ Hàn	蜀汉 \| 蜀汉* \| *蜀汉	Shu Han (c. 200-263), Liu Bei's kingdom in Sichuan during the Three Kingdoms, claiming legitimacy as successor of Han	蜀漢


天朝 Tiāncháo	天朝 \| 天朝* \| *天朝	Celestial Empire, tributary title conferred on imperial China / Taiping Heavenly Kingdom


郫县 Pí Xiàn	郫县 \| 郫县* \| *郫县	Pi County, established during the Qin dynasty after the conquest of the ancient Shu Kingdom, historically known for its cultural heritage, strategic location, and culinary contributions, administratively reorganized in 2016 as Pidu District 郫都區｜郫都区, a suburban district of Chengdu, Sichuan	郫縣


安南 Ānnán	安南 \| 安南* \| *安南	Annam (Tang Dynasty protectorate located in what is now northern Vietnam) / Annam (autonomous kingdom located in what is now northern Vietnam, 10th-15th century) / Annam (central part of Vietnam during the French colonial period) / old name for Vietnam / Annan District in Tainan 臺南｜台南, Taiwan / Kofi Annan (1938-2018), UN secretary-general 1997-2006


渤海 Bóhǎi	渤海 \| 渤海* \| *渤海	Parhae, Korean kingdom in Manchuria and Siberia, 698-926


扶余 Fúyú	扶余 \| 扶余* \| *扶余	Buyeo (c. 200 BC-494 AD), ancient kingdom in what is now northeast China	扶餘


兴衰 xīngshuāi	兴衰 \| 兴衰* \| *兴衰	prosperity and decline (of a kingdom) / rise and fall	興衰


夜郎 Yèláng	夜郎 \| 夜郎* \| *夜郎	small barbarian kingdom in southern China during the Han dynasty


臣民 chénmín	臣民 \| 臣民* \| *臣民	subject (of a kingdom, ruler etc)


蜀国 Shǔguó	蜀国 \| 蜀国* \| *蜀国	Sichuan / the state of Shu in Sichuan at different periods / the Shu Han dynasty (214-263) of Liu Bei 劉備｜刘备 during the Three Kingdoms	蜀國


华容道 Huáróng Dào	华容道 \| 华容道* \| *华容道	Huarong Road (traditional puzzle involving sliding wooden blocks, loosely based on an episode in Three Kingdoms 三國演義｜三国演义)	華容道


加利西亚 Jiālìxīyà	加利西亚 \| 加利西亚* \| *加利西亚	Galicia, province and former kingdom of northwest Spain	加利西亞


卫氏朝鲜 Wèishì Cháoxiǎn	卫氏朝鲜 \| 卫氏朝鲜* \| *卫氏朝鲜	Wiman Korea (195-108 BC), historical kingdom in Manchuria, Liaoning and North Korea	衛氏朝鮮


赤兔 Chìtù	赤兔 \| 赤兔* \| *赤兔	Red Hare, famous horse of the warlord Lü Bu 呂布｜吕布 in the Three Kingdoms era


后金 Hòu Jīn	后金 \| 后金* \| *后金	Later Jin dynasty (from 1616-) / Manchu Khanate or kingdom that took over as Qing dynasty in 1644	後金


高句丽 Gāogōulí	高句丽 \| 高句丽* \| *高句丽	Goguryeo (37 BC-668 AD), one of the Korean Three Kingdoms	高句麗


阴曹地府 yīncáodìfǔ	阴曹地府 \| 阴曹地府* \| *阴曹地府	netherworld / Kingdom of the Underworld / Hades	陰曹地府


分久必合，合久必分 fēnjiǔ-bìhé, héjiǔ-bìfēn	分久…必分 \| 分久…必分* \| *分久…必分	lit. that which is long divided must unify, and that which is long unified must divide (proverb, from Romance of the Three Kingdoms 三國演義｜三国演义) / fig. things are constantly changing


东加 Dōngjiā	东加 \| 东加* \| *东加	Tonga, South Pacific archipelago kingdom (Tw)	東加


荀彧 Xún Yù	荀彧 \| 荀彧* \| *荀彧	Xun Yu (163-212), brilliant strategist, advisor of Cao Cao in Three Kingdoms


后赵 Hòu Zhào	后赵 \| 后赵* \| *后赵	Later Zhao of the Sixteen Kingdoms (319-350)	後趙


北汉 Běi Hàn	北汉 \| 北汉* \| *北汉	Han of the Five dynasties (951-979), one of ten kingdoms during the Five Dynasties, Ten Kingdoms period (907-960)	北漢


界别 jièbié	界别 \| 界别* \| *界别	to divide up into different zones / (HK) sector of society / constituency / (taxonomy) kingdom	界別


周瑜 Zhōu Yú	周瑜 \| 周瑜* \| *周瑜	Zhou Yu (175-210), famous general of the southern Wu kingdom and victor of the battle of Redcliff / in Romance of the Three Kingdoms 三國演義｜三国演义, absolutely no match for Zhuge Liang 諸葛亮｜诸葛亮


三国志 Sānguózhì	三国志 \| 三国志* \| *三国志	History of the Three Kingdoms, fourth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, composed by Chen Shou 陳壽｜陈寿 in 289 during Jin Dynasty 晉朝｜晋朝, 65 scrolls	三國志


湘勇 Xiāngyǒng	湘勇 \| 湘勇* \| *湘勇	Hunan army, irregular force formed in 1850s to fight the Taiping heavenly kingdom rebellion


刘备 Liú Bèi	刘备 \| 刘备* \| *刘备	Liu Bei (161-223), warlord at the end of the Han dynasty and founder of the Han kingdom of Shu 蜀漢｜蜀汉 (c. 200-263), later the Shu Han dynasty	劉備


赵云 Zhào Yún	赵云 \| 赵云* \| *赵云	Zhao Yun (-229), general of Shu in Romance of the Three Kingdoms	趙雲


孙权 Sūn Quán	孙权 \| 孙权* \| *孙权	Sun Quan (reigned 222-252), southern warlord and king of state of Wu 吳｜吴 in the Three Kingdoms period	孫權


吴国 Wúguó	吴国 \| 吴国* \| *吴国	Wu state (in south China, in different historical periods) / Wu state 220-280, founded by Sun Quan 孫權｜孙权 the southernmost of the three Kingdoms	吳國


大桥 Dà Qiáo	大桥 \| 大桥* \| *大桥	Da Qiao, one of the Two Qiaos, according to Romance of the Three Kingdoms 三國演義｜三国演义, the two great beauties of ancient China	大橋


五胡 Wǔhú	五胡 \| 五胡* \| *五胡	Five non-Han people, namely: Huns or Xiongnu 匈奴, Xianbei 鮮卑｜鲜卑, Jie 羯, Di 氐, Qiang 羌, esp. in connection with the Sixteen Kingdoms 304-439 五胡十六國｜五胡十六国


马超 Mǎ Chāo	马超 \| 马超* \| *马超	Ma Chao (176-222), general of Shu in Romance of the Three Kingdoms	馬超


庞德 Páng Dé	庞德 \| 庞德* \| *庞德	Pang De (-219), general of Cao Wei at the start of the Three Kingdoms period, victor over Guan Yu 關羽｜关羽 / Pound (name) / Ezra Pound (1885-1972), American poet and translator	龐德


圣神 Shèngshén	圣神 \| 圣神* \| *圣神	feudal term of praise for ruler, king or emperor / general term for saint in former times / term for God during the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom 太平天國｜太平天国 / Holy Spirit (in Christian Trinity)	聖神


鲁史 lǔshǐ	鲁史 \| 鲁史* \| *鲁史	History of Kingdom Lu / refers to the Spring and Autumn Annals 春秋	魯史


燕国 Yānguó	燕国 \| 燕国* \| *燕国	Yan, a vassal state of Zhou in modern Hebei and Liaoning / north Hebei / the four Yan kingdoms of the Sixteen Kingdoms, namely: Former Yan 前燕 (337-370), Later Yan 後燕｜后燕 (384-409), Southern Yan 南燕 (398-410), Northern Yan 北燕 (409-436)	燕國


李斯 Lǐ Sī	李斯 \| 李斯* \| *李斯	Li Si (c. 280-208 BC), Legalist philosopher, calligrapher and prime minister of Qin kingdom and Qin dynasty from 246 to 208 BC


黄忠 Huáng Zhōng	黄忠 \| 黄忠* \| *黄忠	Huang Zhong (-220), general of Shu in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, portrayed as an old fighter	黃忠


曹操 Cáo Cāo	曹操 \| 曹操* \| *曹操	Cao Cao (155-220), famous statesman and general at the end of Han, noted poet and calligrapher, later warlord, founder and first king of Cao Wei 曹魏, father of Emperor Cao Pi 曹丕 / the main villain of novel the Romance of Three Kingdoms 三國演義｜三国演义


孙坚 Sūn Jiān	孙坚 \| 孙坚* \| *孙坚	Sun Jian (155-191), famous general at end of Han dynasty, forerunner of the southern kingdom of Wu of the Three Kingdoms	孫堅


广雅 Guǎngyǎ	广雅 \| 广雅* \| *广雅	earliest extant Chinese encyclopedia from Wei of the Three Kingdoms, 3rd century, modeled on Erya 爾雅｜尔雅, 18150 entries	廣雅


石勒 Shí Lè	石勒 \| 石勒* \| *石勒	Shi Le, founder of Later Zhao of the Sixteen Kingdoms 後趙｜后赵 (319-350)


四大名著 sìdàmíngzhù	四大名著 \| 四大名著* \| *四大名著	the Four Classic Novels of Chinese literature, namely: A Dream of Red Mansions 紅樓夢｜红楼梦, Romance of Three Kingdoms 三國演義｜三国演义, Water Margin 水滸傳｜水浒传, Journey to the West 西遊記｜西游记


新罗 Xīnluó	新罗 \| 新罗* \| *新罗	Silla, Korean kingdom 57 BC-935 AD / one of the Korean Three Kingdoms from 1st century AD, defeating its rivals Paikche 百濟｜百济 and Koguryo 高句麗｜高句丽 around 660 in alliance with Tang China / unified Silla 658-935	新羅


马良 Mǎ Liáng	马良 \| 马良* \| *马良	Ma Liang (Three Kingdoms)	馬良


程昱 Chéng Yù	程昱 \| 程昱* \| *程昱	Cheng Yu (141-220), advisor to General Cao Cao 曹操 during the Three Kingdoms era


孔融 Kǒng Róng	孔融 \| 孔融* \| *孔融	Kong Rong (153-208), poet of the Three Kingdoms period


南燕 Nán Yān	南燕 \| 南燕* \| *南燕	Southern Yan of the Sixteen Kingdoms (398-410)


曹魏 Cáo Wèi	曹魏 \| 曹魏* \| *曹魏	Cao Wei, the most powerful of the Three Kingdoms, established as a dynasty in 220 by Cao Pi 曹丕, son of Cao Cao, replaced by Jin dynasty in 265


张揖 Zhāng Yī	张揖 \| 张揖* \| *张揖	Zhang Yi (c. 3rd century), literary figure from Wei of the Three Kingdoms, other name 稚讓｜稚让, named as compiler of earliest extant Chinese encyclopedia 廣雅｜广雅 and several lost works	張揖


桃园结义 táoyuánjiéyì	桃园结义 \| 桃园结义* \| *桃园结义	to make a pact of brotherhood (from “Romance of the Three Kingdoms” 三國演義｜三国演义) (idiom)	桃園結義


刘渊 Liú Yuān	刘渊 \| 刘渊* \| *刘渊	Liu Yuan (c. 251-310), warlord at the end of the Western Jin dynasty 西晉｜西晋, founder of Cheng Han of the Sixteen Kingdoms 成漢｜成汉 (304-347)	劉淵


小桥 Xiǎo Qiáo	小桥 \| 小桥* \| *小桥	Xiao Qiao, one of the Two Qiaos, according to Romance of the Three Kingdoms 三國演義｜三国演义, the two great beauties of ancient China	小橋


北燕 Běi Yān	北燕 \| 北燕* \| *北燕	Northern Yan of the Sixteen Kingdoms (409-436)


魏国 Wèiguó	魏国 \| 魏国* \| *魏国	Wei State (407-225 BC), one of the Seven Hero States of the Warring States 戰國七雄｜战国七雄 / Wei State or Cao Wei 曹魏 (220-265), the most powerful of the Three Kingdoms	魏國


西秦 Xī Qín	西秦 \| 西秦* \| *西秦	Western Qin of the Sixteen Kingdoms (385-431)


夫余 Fūyú	夫余 \| 夫余* \| *夫余	Pu'yo, Korean Buyeo (c. 200 BC-494 AD), ancient kingdom in northeast frontier region of China	夫餘


太平天国 Tàipíng Tiānguó	太平天国 \| 太平天国* \| *太平天国	Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (1851-1864)	太平天國


卡斯蒂利亚 Kǎsīdìlìyà	卡斯蒂利亚 \| 卡斯蒂利亚* \| *卡斯蒂利亚	Castilla, old Spanish kingdom / modern Spanish provinces of Castilla-Leon and Castilla-La Mancha	卡斯蒂利亞


张飞 Zhāng Fēi	张飞 \| 张飞* \| *张飞	Zhang Fei (168-221), general of Shu and blood-brother of Liu Bei in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, famous as fearsome fighter and lover of wine	張飛


南凉 Nán Liáng	南凉 \| 南凉* \| *南凉	Southern Liang of the Sixteen Kingdoms (397-414)	南涼


动物界 dòngwùjiè	动物界 \| 动物界* \| *动物界	animal kingdom	動物界


阿斯图里亚斯 Āsītúlǐyàsī	阿斯…亚斯 \| 阿斯…亚斯* \| *阿斯…亚斯	Asturias, northwest Spanish autonomous principality on the bay of Biscay / ancient Spanish kingdom from which the reconquista was based	阿斯圖里亞斯


桃园三结义 Táoyuán Sān Jiéyì	桃园三结义 \| 桃园三结义* \| *桃园三结义	Oath of the Peach Garden, sworn by Liu Bei 劉備｜刘备, Zhang Fei 張飛｜张飞 and Guan Yu 關羽｜关羽 at the start of the Romance of Three Kingdoms 三國演義｜三国演义	桃園三結義


植物界 zhíwùjiè	植物界 \| 植物界* \| *植物界	Kingdom Plantae (biology)


成汉 Chéng Hàn	成汉 \| 成汉* \| *成汉	Cheng Han of the Sixteen Kingdoms (304-347)	成漢


赵子龙 Zhào Zǐlóng	赵子龙 \| 赵子龙* \| *赵子龙	courtesy name of Zhao Yun 趙雲｜赵云, general of Shu in Romance of the Three Kingdoms	趙子龍


前凉 Qián Liáng	前凉 \| 前凉* \| *前凉	Former Liang, one of the Sixteen Kingdoms (314-376)	前涼


南诏 Nánzhào	南诏 \| 南诏* \| *南诏	Nanzhao kingdom 738-937 in southwest China and southeast Asia	南詔


荷兰王国 Hélánwángguó	荷兰王国 \| 荷兰王国* \| *荷兰王国	Koninkrijk der Nederlanden / Kingdom of the Netherlands	荷蘭王國


五胡十六国 Wǔhú Shíliùguó	五胡十六国 \| 五胡十六国* \| *五胡十六国	Sixteen Kingdoms of Five non-Han people (ruling most of China 304-439)	五胡十六國


王国聚会所 Wángguó Jùhuìsuǒ	王国聚会所 \| 王国聚会所* \| *王国聚会所	Kingdom Hall (place of worship used by Jehovah's Witnesses)	王國聚會所


琉球国 Liúqiúguó	琉球国 \| 琉球国* \| *琉球国	Ryūkyū kingdom 1429-1879 (on modern Okinawa)	琉球國


卫满朝鲜 Wèimǎn Cháoxiǎn	卫满朝鲜 \| 卫满朝鲜* \| *卫满朝鲜	Wiman Korea (195-108 BC), historical kingdom in Manchuria, Liaoning and North Korea	衛滿朝鮮


北凉 Běi Liáng	北凉 \| 北凉* \| *北凉	Northern Liang of the Sixteen Kingdoms (398-439)	北涼


濊貊 Huìmò	濊貊 \| 濊貊* \| *濊貊	Yemaek, ancient ethnic group of Manchuria and Korea, precursors of Korean Goguryeo kingdom


犍陀罗 Jiāntuóluó	犍陀罗 \| 犍陀罗* \| *犍陀罗	Gandhara Kingdom in northwest India, c. 600 BC-11 AD, on Kabul River in Vale of Peshawar	犍陀羅


前燕 Qián Yān	前燕 \| 前燕* \| *前燕	Former Yan of the Sixteen Kingdoms (337-370)


后燕 Hòu Yān	后燕 \| 后燕* \| *后燕	Later Yan of the Sixteen Kingdoms (384-409)	後燕

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