| | Zhou Shoujuan (1895-1968), writer, translator and art collector in Suzhou, a victim of the Cultural Revolution | |
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| | Deng Tuo (1912-1966), sociologist and journalist, died under persecution at the start of the Cultural Revolution / wrote under the pen name Ma Nancun 馬南邨｜马南邨 | |
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| | Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) | |
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| | Liu Shaoqi (1898-1969), Chinese communist leader, a martyr of the Cultural Revolution | |
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| | (lit.) village of three households / the Three Family Village, an essay column in a Beijing newspaper from 1961-1966, written by Deng Tuo 鄧拓｜邓拓, Wu Han 吳晗｜吴晗 and Liao Mosha 廖沫沙, criticized as anti-Party during the Cultural Revolution | |
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| | Gang of Four: Jiang Qing 江青, Zhang Chunqiao 張春橋｜张春桥, Yao Wenyuan 姚文元, Wang Hongwen 王洪文, who served as scapegoats for the excesses of the cultural revolution | |
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| | educated youth (esp. those sent to work in rural areas during the Cultural Revolution) (abbr. for 知識青年｜知识青年) | |
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| | the “five red categories” (Cultural Revolution term), i.e. poor and lower-middle peasants, workers, revolutionary soldiers, revolutionary cadres, and revolutionary martyrs | |
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| | to drag sb before a public meeting to denounce, humiliate and physically abuse them (esp. during the Cultural Revolution) | |
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| | to cut in line / to jump a queue / to live on a rural community (during the Cultural Revolution) | |
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| | He Long (1896-1969), important communist military leader, died from persecution during the Cultural Revolution | |
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| | Kang Sheng (1896-1975), Chinese communist leader, a politburo member during the Cultural Revolution and posthumously blamed for some of its excesses | |
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| | to seize and subject to public criticism (form of persecution during the Cultural Revolution) | |
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| | Red Guards (Cultural Revolution, 1966-1976) | |
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| | model theater (operas and ballets produced during the Cultural Revolution) | |
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| | Deng Xiaoping Theory / Dengism / the foundation of PRC economic development after the Cultural Revolution, building the capitalist economy within Chinese Communist Party control | |
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| | struggle, criticize, and transform (Cultural Revolution catchcry) | |
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| | Zhou Zuoren (1885-1967), brother of Lu Xun 魯迅｜鲁迅, academic in Japanese and Greek studies, briefly imprisoned after the war as Japanese collaborator, persecuted and died of unknown causes during the Cultural Revolution | |
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| | cowshed / makeshift detention center set up by Red Guards in the Cultural Revolution / (baseball) bullpen | |
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| | Cultural Revolution (1966-76) (abbr. for 文化大革命) | |
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| | Peng Dehuai (1898-1974), top communist general, subsequently politician and politburo member, disgraced after attacking Mao's failed policies in 1959, and died after extensive persecution during the Cultural Revolution | |
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| | social composition / social status (in Marxist theory, esp. using during the Cultural Revolution) | |
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| | capitalist roader (person in power taking the capitalist road, a political label often pinned on cadres by the Red Guards during the Cultural Revolution) | |
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| | Lin Biao (1908–1971), Chinese army leader at the time of the Cultural Revolution | |
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| | (of one's political views) to prefer left rather than right (idiom during the Cultural Revolution) | |
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| | rain on Mt Ba (idiom); lonely in a strange land / Evening Rain, 1980 movie about the Cultural Revolution | |
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| | Guo Xiaochuan (1919-1976), PRC communist poet, hero in the war with Japan, died after long persecution during Cultural Revolution | |
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| | stinking intellectual (contemptuous term for educated people during the Cultural Revolution) | |
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| | May 7 cadre school (farm where urban cadres had to undertake manual labor and study ideology during the Cultural Revolution) (abbr. for 五七幹部學校｜五七干部学校) | |
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| | the Four Olds (target of the Cultural Revolution) | |
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| | educated youth; young intellectual / (historical) urban youth with formal education who were sent to rural areas for re-education and labor during the Cultural Revolution (1960s–70s) | |
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| | Misty Poetry, a post-Cultural Revolution poetry movement | |
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| | If the father is a hero, the son is a real man. If the father is a reactionary, the son is a bastard. (Cultural Revolution slogan) / fig. like father, like son | |
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| | Tan Zhenlin (1902-1983), PRC revolutionary and military leader, played political role after the Cultural Revolution | |
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| | (Cultural Revolution term) conference of activist representatives (abbr. for 積極分子代表大會｜积极分子代表大会) | |
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| | class division into proletariat and bourgeoisie class enemy, in use esp. during the Cultural Revolution | |
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| | Wu Han (1909-1969), historian, author of biography of Zhu Yuanzhang 朱元璋, hounded to his death together with several members of his family during the cultural revolution | |
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| | fight self-interest and repudiate revisionism (Cultural Revolution slogan) | |
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| | Destroy the Four Olds (campaign of the Cultural Revolution) | |
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| | Liao Mosha (1907-1990), journalist and communist propagandist, severely criticized and imprisoned for 10 years during the Cultural Revolution | |
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| | the "five black categories" (Cultural Revolution term), i.e. landlords, rich peasants, counterrevolutionaries, bad elements and rightists | |
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| | May 7 cadre school (farm where urban cadres had to undertake manual labor and study ideology during the Cultural Revolution) | |
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| | (in classical literature) young military officer of high rank for his age / (during the Cultural Revolution) young militant in the Red Guard / (in modern usage) rising star (in sport, politics etc) | |
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| | Han Aijing (1945-), notorious red guard leader during Cultural Revolution, spent 15 years in prison for imprisoning and torturing political leaders | |
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