| | bitter / hardship / pain / to suffer / to bring suffering to / painstakingly | HSK 4 |
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| | to provide guidance; to lecture sb; to upbraid / a talking-to; a bitter lesson / CL: 番, 頓｜顿 | HSK 4 |
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| | bone / CL: 根, 塊｜块 / moral character / bitterness / Taiwan pr. [gu2 tou5] | HSK 4 |
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| | to meet with / to encounter / (bitter) experience | HSK 6 |
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| | bitter work / hard toil / (loanword) coolie, unskilled Chinese laborer in colonial times | HSK 7-9 |
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| | bitter / painful / deeply distressed | HSK 7-9 |
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| | pungent (taste) / bitter / fig. sad / miserable | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to sneer / to laugh grimly / grin of dissatisfaction (bitterness, helplessness, indignation etc) / bitter, grim, sarcastic or angry smile | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to force a smile / a bitter laugh | HSK 7-9 |
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| | disillusioned / bitterly disappointed / terrified | |
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| | bitterly disappointed / frightened | |
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| | bitter taste in wine / rich / full flavored | |
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| | (bound form) sweet; pleasant (contrasted with 苦: bitter, unpleasant) / to be willing (to do sth) | |
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| | thistle / common sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus) / bitter (taste) / cruel / flowering grass in profusion | |
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| | bitter melon (bitter gourd, balsam pear, balsam apple, leprosy gourd, bitter cucumber) | |
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| | five spice seasoned / incorporating the five basic flavors of Chinese cooking (sweet, sour, bitter, savory, salty) | |
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| | bitter taste / bitterness | |
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| | bitter / desperate | |
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| | to cry bitterly | |
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| | bitter cold / severe winter | |
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| | bitter fighting / a violent battle | |
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| | hard lot / bitter fate / unfortunate | |
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| | hidden bitterness; secret grudge | |
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| | bloody; blood-soaked; gory; grisly / cruel; brutal; harsh; grim; bitter | |
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| | lit. sea of bitterness / abyss of worldly suffering (Buddhist term) / depths of misery | |
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| | (idiom) bitterly cold; frigid | |
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| | (idiom) great bitterness and deep hatred; deeply ingrained long-standing resentment | |
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| | bitter / harsh / grim / ruthless / severe / cut-throat (competition) | |
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| | weeping bitter tears | |
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| | sour / acrid / (fig.) bitter / painful | |
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| | bitter cold | |
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| | bitter and hateful (idiom) / to grieve and lament (over sth) | |
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| | lit. bitter fruit / fig. painful consequence | |
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| | lit. sour, sweet, bitter and spicy (idiom) / fig. all kinds of flavors; the joys and sorrows of life | |
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| | bitter resentment; rancor | |
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| | to detest bitterly (idiom) / implacable hatred / to abhor / anathema | |
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| | bitter water (e.g. mineral water containing sulfates) / suffering / digestive fluids rising from stomach to the mouth / fig. bitter complaint | |
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| | bitter and astringent / pained / agonized | |
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| | to whine about hardships / to complain of one's bitter lot / to complain / to grumble | |
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| | to hate bitterly | |
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| | bitter struggle / hard battle / arduous effort | |
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| | bitterness finishes, sweetness begins (idiom); the hard times are over, the good times just beginning | |
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| | lit. bitter taste (cf good medicine tastes bitter 良藥苦口｜良药苦口) / fig. earnestly (of warning, advice) | |
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| | to think hard / bitter thoughts / to pour out one's sufferings | |
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| | bitter bamboo (Pleioblastus amarus) | |
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| | to suffer every possible torment (idiom); bitter hardship / to bear one's cross | |
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| | good medicine tastes bitter (idiom); fig. frank criticism is hard to swallow | |
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| | The sea of bitterness has no bounds, turn your head to see the shore (idiom). Only Buddhist enlightenment can allow one to shed off the abyss of worldly suffering. / Repent and ye shall be saved! | |
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| | to be forced to suffer in silence / unable to speak of one's bitter suffering | |
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| | keenly felt pain / bitter anguish | |
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| | grief / remorse / deep in sorrow / bitter (anguish) / profound (condolences) | |
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| | bitter work / sweated labor | |
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| | bitter sufferings; great hardships | |
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| | bitter smile | |
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| | to complain bitterly | |
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| | bitter and sad | |
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| | feud / bitter quarrel | |
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| | bitter hardship / to bear one's cross | |
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| | the five flavors, namely: sweet 甜, sour 酸, bitter 苦, spicy hot 辣, salty 鹹｜咸 / all kinds of flavors | |
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| | bitter hatred / hatred that cuts to the bone | |
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| | bitter orange (Fructus aurantii) (used in TCM) | |
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| | lit. to eat one's own bitter fruit (idiom) / fig. to suffer the consequences of one's own actions / to stew in one's own juice | |
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| | to brave it out / to the bitter end | |
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| | Bitter Herbs, 1958 novel by Feng Deying 馮德英｜冯德英, made into a film in 1965 | |
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| | (of wind) strong and bitterly cold | |
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| | having unspeakable bitter suffering / (often used after 啞巴吃黃連｜哑巴吃黄连) | |
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| | to have bitter digestive fluids rising to the mouth / fig. to complain bitterly / to pour out one's sufferings | |
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| | rancor / hatred / bitterness / resentfulness | |
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| | lit. there is a knife above the character for lust / fig. lascivious activities can lead to bitter consequences | |
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| | to cost one dearly / to end disastrously / to pay bitterly | |
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| | to be forced to suffer in silence (idiom) / unable to speak of one's bitter suffering / sometimes written 啞子吃黃連， 有苦說不出｜哑子吃黄连， 有苦说不出 | |
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| | so angry it's unbearable / bitter about unbearable grievances | |
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| | to fight bitterly / hard struggle | |
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| | a flood of tears and mucus / broken-hearted and weeping bitterly | |
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| | bitter sweet | |
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| | salty and bitter / acerbic | |
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| | harsh words / sarcasm / bitter remarks | |
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| | sweet mouth, bitter heart (idiom); insincere flattery | |
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| | Zai Yu sleeps by day (idiom); refers to story in Analects of Confucius remonstrating bitterly with his student for sleeping during lectures | |
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| | slightly bitter | |
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| | sea of bitterness is vast (idiom) | |
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| | to feign and complain bitterly of being poverty stricken (idiom) | |
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| | speech that grates on the ear (idiom); bitter truths / home truths (that one does not want to hear) | |
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| | to eat bitter fruit and lie on thorns (idiom); to share the hard life of the common people | |
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| | Feng Deying (1935-2022), author of the 1958 novel Bitter Herbs 苦菜花 | |
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