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Usage Tips
Simplified
Pīnyīn
English Definition Add a new word to the dictionary Traditional
HSK
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *了* | 了* | *了
(completed action marker) / (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) / (modal particle intensifying preceding clause)
HSK 1
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *的* | 的* | *的
of; ~'s (possessive particle) / (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) / (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) / (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的|跑堂儿的 "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 "new one") / also pr. [di4] or [di5] in poetry and songs
HSK 1
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *呢* | 呢* | *呢
particle indicating that a previously asked question is to be applied to the preceding word ("What about ...?", "And ...?") / particle for inquiring about location ("Where is ...?") / particle signaling a pause, to emphasize the preceding words and allow the listener time to take them on board ("ok?", "are you with me?") / (at the end of a declarative sentence) particle indicating continuation of a state or action / particle indicating strong affirmation
HSK 1
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *也* | 也* | *也
also; too; as well; (not ...) either / (used after a verbal or nominal expression X to indicate that X is an extreme or unexpected case) even (X) / (literary) particle having functions similar to
HSK 1
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *地* | 地* | *地
-ly / structural particle: used before a verb or adjective, linking it to preceding modifying adverbial adjunct
HSK 1
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *吧* | 吧* | *吧
(modal particle indicating suggestion or surmise) / ...right? / ...OK? / ...I presume.
HSK 1
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *吗* | 吗* | *吗
(question particle for "yes-no" questions)
HSK 1
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *着* | 着* | *着
aspect particle indicating action in progress or ongoing state
HSK 1
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *啊* | 啊* | *啊
modal particle ending sentence, showing affirmation, approval, or consent
HSK 2
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *得* | 得* | *得
structural particle: used after a verb (or adjective as main verb), linking it to following phrase indicating effect, degree, possibility etc
HSK 2
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *所* | 所* | *所
actually / place / classifier for houses, small buildings, institutions etc / that which / particle introducing a relative clause or passive / CL: 個|个
HSK 3
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *管* | 管* | *管
to take care (of) / to control / to manage / to be in charge of / to look after / to run / to care about / tube / pipe / woodwind / classifier for tube-shaped objects / particle similar to in ... constructions / writing brush / (coll.) to / towards
HSK 3
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *哪* | 哪* | *哪
(emphatic sentence-final particle, used instead of after a word ending in "n")
HSK 4
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *呀* | 呀* | *呀
(particle equivalent to after a vowel, expressing surprise or doubt)
HSK 4
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *可* | 可* | *可
(prefix) can; may; able to; -able / to approve; to permit / to suit / (particle used for emphasis) certainly; very / but; however
HSK 5
to shoot (a projectile) / to fire (a rocket) / to launch / to emit (a particle) / to discharge / emanation / emission
HSK 5
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *啦* | 啦* | *啦
sentence-final particle, contraction of 了啊, indicating exclamation / particle placed after each item in a list of examples
HSK 6
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *于* | 于* | *于
to go / to take / sentence-final interrogative particle / variant of 於|于
HSK 6
a modal particle indicating (that's all, only, nothing much)
HSK 6
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *嘛* | 嘛* | *嘛
modal particle indicating that sth is obvious / particle indicating a pause for emphasis
HSK 6
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *之* | 之* | *之
(possessive particle, literary equivalent of ) / him / her / it
HSK 7-9
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *矣* | 矣* | *矣
classical final particle, similar to modern
HSK 7-9
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *粒* | 粒* | *粒
grain; granule; pellet; particle / classifier for small round objects (peas, bullets, peanuts, pills, grains etc) / (Tw) classifier for larger round objects (watermelon etc)
HSK 7-9
to capture (enemy property or personnel) / capture (physics: absorption of subatomic particle by an atom or nucleus)
HSK 7-9
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *么* | 么* | *么
exclamatory final particle
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *么* | 么* | *么
interrogative final particle
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *价* | 价* | *价
particle used between an adverb and a verb or adjective / (dialect) particle used after a negative adverb such as or 別|别 without any other following element
photon (particle physics)
fragments / particles
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *哦* | 哦* | *哦
sentence-final particle that conveys informality, warmth, friendliness or intimacy / may also indicate that one is stating a fact that the other person is not aware of
muon (particle physics)
electronic / electron (particle physics)
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *底* | 底* | *底
(equivalent to as possessive particle)
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *耶* | 耶* | *耶
interrogative particle (classical)
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *耶* | 耶* | *耶
final particle indicating enthusiasm etc
(elementary) particle / grain
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *嘞* | 嘞* | *嘞
sentence-final particle similar to , but carrying a tone of approval
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *唷* | 唷* | *唷
final particle expressing exhortation, admiration etc
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *咯* | 咯* | *咯
(final particle similar to , indicating that sth is obvious)
silt particle
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *居* | 居* | *居
(archaic) sentence-final particle expressing a doubting attitude
elementary particle (particle physics)
to eliminate dust (i.e. filter out suspended particles)
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *咧* | 咧* | *咧
modal particle expressing exclamation
speck / particle
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *伊* | 伊* | *伊
(old) third person singular pronoun ("he" or "she") / second person singular pronoun ("you") / (May 4th period) third person singular feminine pronoun ("she") / (Classical Chinese) introductory particle with no specific meaning / (preceding a noun) that
proton (positively charged nuclear particle) / a prince sent to be held as a hostage in a neighbouring state in ancient China
particle physics
(physics) spin (of a particle)
(particle physics) (loanword) quark
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *咩* | 咩* | *咩
the bleating of sheep / final particle which transforms statements into questions that indicate doubt or surprise (Cantonese)
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *哟* | 哟* | *哟
(sentence-final particle expressing exhortation) / (syllable filler in a song)
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *夫* | 夫* | *夫
(classical) this, that / he, she, they / (exclamatory final particle) / (initial particle, introduces an opinion)
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *噶* | 噶* | *噶
phonetic ga (used in rendering Tibetan and Mongolian sounds) / Tibetan Ge: language of Buddha / (dialect) final particle similar to (esp. in Yunnan)
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *哉* | 哉* | *哉
(exclamatory or interrogative particle)
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *乎* | 乎* | *乎
(classical particle similar to 於|于) in / at / from / because / than / (classical final particle similar to 嗎|吗, , , expressing question, doubt or astonishment)
lit. , , and (four grammatical particles of Classical Chinese) (idiom) / fig. archaic expressions
colloid / colloidal particles
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *啵* | 啵* | *啵
grammatical particle equivalent to
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *啰* | 啰* | *啰
(final exclamatory particle)
a modal particle indicating (don't mind it, ok)
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *喽* | 喽* | *喽
(final particle equivalent to ) / (particle calling attention to, or mildly warning of, a situation)
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *罢* | 罢* | *罢
(final particle, same as )
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *聿* | 聿* | *聿
(arch. introductory particle) / then / and then
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *羌* | 羌* | *羌
muntjac / grammar particle indicating nonsense (classical)
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *喔* | 喔* | *喔
(Tw) (sentence-final particle) (used to convey a friendly tone when giving an admonition or correcting sb etc)
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *兮* | 兮* | *兮
(particle in old Chinese similar to )
neutrino (particle physics) / also written 微中子
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *咗* | 咗* | *咗
Cantonese particle equivalent to or 過|过
hadron (particle physics)
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *嘅* | 嘅* | *嘅
possessive particle (Cantonese) / Mandarin equivalent:
infix (grammar), particle attached within a word or expression
flecks / particles / bits / fine powder
gluon (particle physics)
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *呐* | 呐* | *呐
sentence-final particle (abbr. for 呢啊 or variant of )
floating dust / atmospheric particles
electro-weak interaction in fermion particle physics
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *殹* | 殹* | *殹
(archaic) (meaning unclear) / (final particle)
charactercopystroke orderAIpronouncebaikeskritterexampleCorrect
  *嚜* | 嚜* | *嚜
(final particle)
accelerator (computing) / particle accelerator
charm quark (particle physics)
lepton (particle physics)
dust / (Buddhism) minutest particle of matter
(particle used to exaggerate certain adjectives, in particular 神經兮兮|神经兮兮, 髒兮兮|脏兮兮, 可憐兮兮|可怜兮兮, and 慘兮兮|惨兮兮)
aspect particle, such as 著|着, , 過|过
"ants climbing a tree", a Sichuan dish made with cellophane noodles 粉絲|粉丝 and ground meat (so called because the particles of meat clinging to the noodles look like ants on the twigs of a tree) / (sex position) man standing, woman clinging to his upper body / (erotic massage) full-body licking
particle physics
quantum chromodynamics (particle physics)
Higgs (name) / Peter Higgs (1929-), British theoretical physicist, one proposer of the Higgs mechanism or Higgs boson to explain the mass of elementary particles
solid particles in liquid
structural particle, such as , , and
strong interaction (in particle physics) / strong force
boson (particle physics)
(linguistics) auxiliary word; function word; particle
Standard Model (of particle physics)
electrically charged particles
fine particle (PM 2.5) / fine particulate matter (air pollution etc)
down quark (particle physics)
top quark (particle physics)
up quark (particle physics)

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