| | of; ~'s (possessive particle) / (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) / (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) / (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的｜跑堂儿的 "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 "new one") / also pr. [di4] or [di5] in poetry and songs | HSK 1 |
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| | to exist; to be alive / (of sb or sth) to be (located) at / (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) | HSK 1 |
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| | to go out; to come out / to arise; to occur / to produce; to yield / to go beyond; to exceed / (used after a verb to indicate an outward direction or a positive result) / classifier for dramas, plays, operas etc | HSK 1 |
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| | (before an adjective or verb) to the highest degree; (the) most ...; -est / (after 之) best or most extreme example (e.g. 世界之最 "the greatest in the world") | HSK 1 |
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| | from; through; via / (bound form) to follow / (bound form) to obey / (bound form) to engage in (an activity) / (used before a negative) ever / (bound form) (Taiwan pr. [zong4]) retainer; attendant / (bound form) (Taiwan pr. [zong4]) assistant; auxiliary; subordinate / (bound form) (Taiwan pr. [zong4]) related by common paternal grandfather or earlier ancestor | HSK 1 |
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| | to divide; to separate / to distribute; to allocate / to distinguish (good and bad) / (bound form) branch of (an organization); sub- (as in 分局) / fraction / one tenth (of certain units) / unit of length equivalent to 0.33 cm / minute (unit of time) / minute (angular measurement unit) / a point (in sports or games) / 0.01 yuan (unit of money) | HSK 1 |
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| | lightning / electricity / electric (bound form) / to get (or give) an electric shock / phone call or telegram etc / to send via telephone or telegram etc | HSK 1 |
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| | down / downwards / below / lower / later / next (week etc) / second (of two parts) / to decline / to go down / to arrive at (a decision, conclusion etc) / measure word to show the frequency of an action | HSK 1 |
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| | also; too; as well; (not ...) either / (used after a verbal or nominal expression X to indicate that X is an extreme or unexpected case) even (X) / (literary) particle having functions similar to 啊 | HSK 1 |
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| | good-looking; nice-looking / (of a movie, book, TV show etc) good / in an embarrassing situation | HSK 1 |
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| | to make; to produce / to write; to compose / to do; to engage in; to hold (a party etc) / (of a person) to be (an intermediary, a good student etc); to become (husband and wife, friends etc) / (of a thing) to serve as; to be used for / to assume (an air or manner) | HSK 1 |
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| | some; a few; a little; (following an adjective) slightly ...er | HSK 1 |
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| | again; once more; re- / further; beyond this point of time / (before an adjective) more / then (after sth, and not until then) / no matter how ... (followed by an adjective or verb, and then (usually) 也 or 都 for emphasis) / (used to introduce additional information, as in 再則｜再则, 再就是 etc) / (literary) to reappear; to reoccur | HSK 1 |
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| | very; quite / (also, often used before an adjective without intensifying its meaning, i.e. as a meaningless syntactic element) | HSK 1 |
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| | to wait for; to await / by the time; when; till / and so on; etc.; et al. / (bound form) class; rank; grade / (bound form) equal to; same as / (used to end an enumeration) / (literary) (plural suffix attached to a personal pronoun or noun) | HSK 1 |
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| | a semantically light, transitive verb that is combined with various grammatical objects to form compound verbs and verb-object phrases with a diverse range of meanings (e.g. 打傘｜打伞 "to hold an umbrella", 打電話｜打电话 "to make a phone call", 打針｜打针 "to get an injection", 打手套 "to knit gloves", 打氣｜打气 "to inflate") / to hit; to strike / to fight / (coll.) from; since (as in 打那以後｜打那以后 "since then") | HSK 1 |
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| | to check / to verify / to test / to examine / to take an exam / to take an entrance exam for / deceased father | HSK 1 |
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| | to take an exam / exam / CL: 次 | HSK 1 |
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| | to beat / to hit / variant of 考 / to inspect / to test / to take an exam | HSK 1 |
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| | book / notebook / Japanese-style self-published comic (esp. an erotic one), aka "dōjinshi" / CL: 本 / edition | HSK 1 |
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| | good / appropriate; proper / all right! / (before a verb) easy to / (before a verb) good to / (before an adjective for exclamatory effect) so / (verb complement indicating completion) / (of two people) close; on intimate terms / (after a personal pronoun) hello | HSK 1 |
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| | (in) the same place / together; in company (with) / altogether; in total / an instance of; a case of (murder, accident, dispute etc) | HSK 1 |
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| | child; kid (used to refer to a child, or by an adult to address a child, or, in Taiwan, to refer to sb's own child) / CL: 個｜个 | HSK 1 |
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| | (of a process etc) to proceed; to be in progress; to be underway / (of people) to carry out; to conduct (an investigation or discussion etc) / (of an army etc) to be on the march; to advance | HSK 2 |
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| | to carry (hanging down from the hand) / to lift / to put forward / to mention / to raise (an issue) / upwards character stroke / lifting brush stroke (in painting) / scoop for measuring liquid | HSK 2 |
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| | an ideal / a dream / ideal / perfect | HSK 2 |
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| | to raise (an issue) / to propose / to put forward / to suggest / to post (on a website) / to withdraw (cash) | HSK 2 |
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| | it (pronoun for an animal) | HSK 2 |
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| | to add / (math.) plus / to increase; to augment / (used before a disyllabic verb, often after an adverb like 不, 大, 稍 etc, to indicate that the action applies to sth previously mentioned, as in 稍加改良 "make some minor improvements to (it)") | HSK 2 |
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| | to add oil; to top up with gas; to refuel / to accelerate; to step on the gas / (fig.) to make an extra effort; to cheer sb on | HSK 2 |
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| | to take care of (a matter); to deal with (a task, procedure etc); to organize (an event) / to establish; to set up; to manage; to run (an enterprise) / (law) to handle; to investigate; to prosecute (a case or suspect) / (bound form) office (as in 招辦｜招办, admissions office) (abbr. for 辦公室｜办公室) | HSK 2 |
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| | ability; talent / sb of a certain type / a capable individual / then and only then / just now / (before an expression of quantity) only | HSK 2 |
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| | adornment / to adorn / dress / clothing / costume (of an actor in a play) / to play a role / to pretend / to install / to fix / to wrap (sth in a bag) / to load / to pack | HSK 2 |
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| | to make an effort; to try hard; to strive / hard-working; conscientious | HSK 2 |
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| | road; path (CL: 條｜条, 股) / (bound form) way; reason; principle / (bound form) a skill; an art; a specialization / (Daoism) the Way; the Dao / to say (introducing a direct quotation, as in a novel) / (bound form) to express; to extend (polite words) / classifier for long thin things (rivers, cracks etc), barriers (walls, doors etc), questions (in an exam etc), commands, courses in a meal, steps in a process / (old) circuit (administrative division) | HSK 2 |
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| | an exit / CL: 個｜个 / to speak / to export / (of a ship) to leave port | HSK 2 |
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| | to write an essay / composition (student essay) / CL: 篇 | HSK 2 |
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| | to receive (praise, an education, punishment etc) / to be ...ed (praised, educated, punished etc) | HSK 2 |
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| | hey / to feed (an animal, baby, invalid etc) | HSK 2 |
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| | the head of an institution whose name ends in 院; chair of a board; university president; college dean; premier of the Republic of China / CL: 個｜个 | HSK 2 |
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| | to start an engine / to boot up (a computer) / to press Ctrl-Alt-Delete / to begin shooting a film or TV show | HSK 2 |
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| | foot / leg (of an animal or an object) / base (of an object) / CL: 雙｜双, 隻｜只 / classifier for kicks | HSK 2 |
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| | (variant of 才) just now / (variant of 才) (before an expression of quantity) only | HSK 2 |
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| | (of an aircraft or rocket) to take off; to lift off / (fig.) (of an enterprise etc) to start to develop rapidly | HSK 2 |
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| | already at an earlier time | HSK 2 |
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| | exam candidate / student whose name has been put forward for an exam | HSK 2 |
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| | name (of a thing) / name (of an organization) | HSK 2 |
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| | to make friends / (dialect) to start an affair with sb | HSK 2 |
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| | to press / to push / to leave aside or shelve / to control / to restrain / to keep one's hand on / to check or refer to / according to / in the light of / (of an editor or author) to make a comment | HSK 3 |
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| | unit (forming an entity) / element / (in a residential building) entrance or staircase | HSK 3 |
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| | to begin an undertaking; to start an enterprise / entrepreneurship | HSK 3 |
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| | to launch / to develop / to unfold / (of an exhibition etc) to open | HSK 3 |
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| | to conduct; to hold (an event) | HSK 3 |
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| | (bound form) to compare / (literary) to dispute / compared to / (before an adjective) relatively; comparatively; rather / also pr. [jiao3] | HSK 3 |
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| | to solve; to resolve; to settle (a problem) / to eliminate; to wipe out (an enemy, bandits etc) | HSK 3 |
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| | to sense / perception / to feel (through the senses) / to experience / a feeling / an impression / an experience | HSK 3 |
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| | (of an area) vast or extensive / large-scale / widespread / (of people) numerous | HSK 3 |
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| | to make an appointment / to invite / approximately / pact / treaty / to economize / to restrict / to reduce (a fraction) / concise | HSK 3 |
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| | to hang; to suspend (from a hook etc) / to hang up (the phone) / (of a line) to be dead / to be worried; to be concerned / (dialect) to make a phone call / to register (at a hospital); to make an appointment (with a doctor) / (slang) to kill; to die; to be finished; to fail (an exam) / classifier for sets or clusters of objects | HSK 3 |
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| | to overtake; to catch up with / to hurry; to rush / to try to catch (the bus etc) / to drive (cattle etc) forward; to drive (sb) away / to avail oneself of (an opportunity) / until; by (a certain time) | HSK 3 |
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| | to transmit / to dispatch / to issue (an official document or credential) | HSK 3 |
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| | repeatedly / over and over / to upend / unstable / to come and go / (of an illness) to return | HSK 3 |
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| | to shift to an earlier date / to do sth ahead of time / in advance | HSK 3 |
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| | to sing (for an audience) / vocal performance | HSK 3 |
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| | to issue (an order, decree etc); to send out; to dispatch / to produce (a sound); to let out (a laugh) | HSK 3 |
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| | spectators; audience; visitors (to an exhibition etc) | HSK 3 |
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| | head of an institute etc | HSK 3 |
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| | to sustain injuries / wounded (in an accident etc) / harmed | HSK 3 |
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| | to invent / an invention / CL: 個｜个 | HSK 3 |
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| | government / official (approved or issued by an authority) | HSK 4 |
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| | to treat (an illness) / medical treatment / therapy | HSK 4 |
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| | to report / to give an account of / to collect information and report back | HSK 4 |
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| | to report / to give an account of / report | HSK 4 |
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| | to win an award | HSK 4 |
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| | right (i.e. an entitlement to sth) / (classical) power and wealth | HSK 4 |
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| | the waist and lower back / (bound form) kidney of an animal (as food) / the waist of trousers or a skirt / (metonym) money pouch; pocket / (bound form) the middle section of an upright object (mountain, bottle etc) | HSK 4 |
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| | engineering / an engineering project / project / undertaking / CL: 個｜个, 項｜项 | HSK 4 |
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| | to accept an applicant (prospective student, employee etc) who passes an entrance exam / to admit (a student) / to hire (a job candidate) | HSK 4 |
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| | (of competition or fighting) intense / fierce / (of pain) acute / (of an expression of opinion) impassioned / vehement / (of a course of action) drastic / extreme | HSK 4 |
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| | to place an order / to book ahead | HSK 4 |
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| | sour / tart / sick at heart / grieved / sore / aching / pedantic / impractical / to make sarcastic remarks about sb / an acid | HSK 4 |
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| | to promote (an idea or cause); to advance; boost | HSK 4 |
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| | high tide; high water / upsurge; peak of activity / climax (of a story, a competition etc) / to have an orgasm | HSK 4 |
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| | ice / CL: 塊｜块 / to chill sth / (of an object or substance) to feel cold / (of a person) cold / unfriendly / (slang) methamphetamine | HSK 4 |
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| | to scatter / to distribute / to be distributed (over an area etc) / (statistical, geographic) distribution | HSK 4 |
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| | soldiers / a force / an army / weapons / arms / military / warlike / CL: 個｜个 | HSK 4 |
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| | to close; to seal off / to close down (an illegal venue) / closed (i.e. isolated from outside input) | HSK 4 |
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| | to bear (an expense, a responsibility etc) / burden | HSK 4 |
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| | to reach adulthood / an adult | HSK 4 |
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| | noisy / cacophonous / to make noise / to disturb / to vent (feelings) / to fall ill / to have an attack (of sickness) / to go in (for some activity) / to joke | HSK 4 |
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| | to conduct / to command / to direct / conductor (of an orchestra) / CL: 個｜个 | HSK 4 |
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| | to go to the bottom of a matter / after all / when all is said and done / (in an interrogative sentence) finally / outcome / result | HSK 4 |
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| | to defeat / to damage / to lose (to an opponent) / to fail / to wither | HSK 4 |
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| | to pass an exam or a test / to meet a minimum standard | HSK 4 |
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| | father's elder brother's wife / aunt (affectionate term for an elderly woman) | HSK 4 |
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| | to give or get an injection | HSK 4 |
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| | to separate / to partition / to stand or lie between / at a distance from / after or at an interval of | HSK 4 |
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| | to display / to exhibit / to bring out implicit or innate qualities / to express (a thought or moral) / to develop (an idea) / to elaborate (on a theme) | HSK 4 |
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| | apex / crown of the head / top / roof / most / to carry on the head / to push to the top / to go against / to replace / to substitute / to be subjected to (an aerial bombing, hailstorm etc) / (slang) to "bump" a forum thread to raise its profile / classifier for headwear, hats, veils etc | HSK 4 |
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| | to bestow (a reward) / to give (to an inferior) / to hand down / a reward (bestowed by a superior) / to appreciate (beauty) | HSK 4 |
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