| | (bound form) root; stem / (bound form) origin; source / (bound form) one's own; this / (bound form) this; the current (year etc) / (bound form) original / (bound form) inherent / originally; initially / capital; principal / classifier for books, periodicals, files etc | HSK 1 |
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| | to think (i.e. to take it to be true that ...) (Usually there is an implication that the notion is mistaken – except when expressing one's own current opinion.) | HSK 2 |
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| | oneself / one's own | HSK 2 |
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| | all / to have; to possess; to own | HSK 2 |
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| | parent / one's own (flesh and blood) / relative / related / marriage / bride / close / intimate / in person / first-hand / in favor of / pro- / to kiss / (Internet slang) dear | HSK 3 |
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| | conscious / aware / on one's own initiative / conscientious | HSK 3 |
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| | to take the initiative / to do sth of one's own accord / spontaneous / active / opposite: passive 被動｜被动 / drive (of gears and shafts etc) | HSK 3 |
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| | itself / oneself / one's own | HSK 3 |
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| | alone / by oneself / on one's own | HSK 4 |
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| | to have / to own / to hold / to occupy / to possess / to account for (a high proportion etc) | HSK 5 |
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| | self-study / to study on one's own | HSK 6 |
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| | public / collectively owned / common / international (e.g. high seas, metric system, calendar) / make public / fair / just / Duke, highest of five orders of nobility 五等爵位 / honorable (gentlemen) / father-in-law / male (animal) | HSK 6 |
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| | with one's own eyes / personally | HSK 6 |
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| | to borrow sth for another use / to borrow an idea for one's own use | HSK 7-9 |
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| | personally / with one's own hands | HSK 7-9 |
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| | private / privately-owned | HSK 7-9 |
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| | at one's own expense / self-funded | HSK 7-9 |
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| | one's own (child) (i.e. one's child by birth) / biological (parents) / birth (parents) | HSK 7-9 |
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| | nationalized / public / government owned / state-owned | HSK 7-9 |
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| | privately-owned / private | HSK 7-9 |
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| | independent / self-reliant / self-sustaining / to stand on one's own feet / to support oneself | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to witness / to see at first hand / to see with one's own eyes | HSK 7-9 |
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| | each goes his own way (idiom); each person has his own life to lead | HSK 7-9 |
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| | independent and autonomous (idiom); self-determination / to act independently / to maintain control over one's own affairs | HSK 7-9 |
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| | chess piece / CL: 個｜个, 顆｜颗 / (fig.) a pawn (used by others for their own purposes) | HSK 7-9 |
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| | without the freedom to act independently (idiom); involuntary / not of one's own volition / in spite of oneself | HSK 7-9 |
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| | regeneration through one's own effort (idiom) / self-reliance | HSK 7-9 |
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| | obstinately clinging to one's course (idiom) / willful / one's own way / dogmatic | |
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| | publicly owned / communal / held in common | |
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| | to provide one's own... / own / self-provided / self-contained | |
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| | every potter praises his own pot (idiom) / all one's geese are swans | |
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| | to deceive others and to deceive oneself / to believe one's own lies | |
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| | standard / one's own department or unit | |
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| | from the beginning / always / to come of one's own accord | |
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| | to see with one's own eyes / very soon | |
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| | gunman / sharpshooter / sb who takes an exam for sb else / sb who produces a piece of work for sb else to pass off as their own | |
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| | to be in a poor light / to do sth with one's back to the light / to stand in one's own light | |
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| | to own exclusively; unique to; specific / there is only | |
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| | to see with one's own eyes / to witness | |
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| | lit. only one branch of the tree is thriving (idiom) / fig. to be in a league of one's own / outstanding | |
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| | not to know the immensity of heaven and earth / an exaggerated opinion of one's own abilities | |
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| | to recount in one's own words / autobiography / written self-introduction | |
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| | to use (sth) on its own | |
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| | to form one's own group or school of thought / to set up one's own business / to establish oneself | |
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| | (of a celestial body) to rotate on its own axis | |
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| | to find amusement in one's own way / to enjoy oneself quietly | |
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| | to suffer as a consequence of one's own actions / you asked for it / to bring it on oneself (sth unpleasant) | |
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| | each has its own merits (idiom) | |
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| | letter written in one's own blood, expressing determination, hatred, last wishes etc | |
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| | to emerge and perish on its own; to run its course (idiom) | |
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| | each minding his own business | |
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| | to obtain by impersonation / to falsely claim as one's own | |
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| | (I, they etc) of course have (a plan, a way etc) / one's own (apartment, brand etc) | |
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| | to work on one's own / to work single-handed / individual farming | |
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| | black dragon / unexpected mistake or mishap / own goal (soccer) / oolong (tea) / (Tw) (loanword from Japanese) udon | |
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| | one's line / one's own profession | |
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| | with one's own ears | |
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| | lit. to eat off one's own strength (idiom) / fig. to stand on one's own feet / to earn one's own living | |
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| | to have (sth) for one's own use / (literary) to be opinionated | |
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| | (idiom) to have one's hands full managing one's own affairs / too busy to spare time for anything extra | |
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| | a wise man looks after his own hide (idiom) / to put one's own safety before matters of principle | |
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| | privately-owned house / private rooms / private ownings | |
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| | sth written or painted in one's own hand / (of a writer, calligrapher or painter) skill / style / hand / (fig.) style shown in spending money, handling business etc / scale | |
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| | private / privately owned or managed | |
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| | one's own country | |
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| | to make no distinction between what's one's own and what's another's (idiom) / to share everything / to be on very intimate terms | |
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| | to own up to the facts | |
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| | to be in charge in one's own house (idiom) / to be the master of one's own affairs | |
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| | land-owning class, esp. during Wei, Jin and North-South dynasties 魏晉南北朝｜魏晋南北朝 | |
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| | appearing to be praising others while actually praising yourself / one's criticism of others exposes one's own faults | |
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| | even with your own brother, keep clear accounts (idiom) | |
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| | to study on one's own / self-study | |
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| | to have difficulties sleeping in a bed other than one's own | |
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| | to sponsor / to adopt (pledge to give sb or sth one's special attention or support) / to adopt (choose to raise a child or animal as one's own) | |
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| | self-operated / to operate one's own business | |
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| | to boast / to blow one's own horn | |
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| | to introduce oneself / originally a theatrical device in which a character explains his own role | |
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| | to travel on private business / to act without official approval / to inspect incognito / to act in one's own interest | |
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| | (category defined by the Communist Party) poor and lower-middle peasants: farmers who, before land reform, possessed little or no land (poor peasants) and those who were barely able to support themselves with their own land (lower-middle peasants) | |
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| | to beat sb at their own game (idiom) | |
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| | public / publicly (owned, financed, operated etc) / run by the state | |
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| | lit. to eat one's own bitter fruit (idiom) / fig. to suffer the consequences of one's own actions / to stew in one's own juice | |
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| | each sticks to his own opinion (idiom); chacun son gout | |
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| | (idiom) to act on one's own; to decide for oneself | |
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| | all different / each unto his own | |
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| | slave-owning society (precedes feudal society 封建社會｜封建社会 in Marxist theory) | |
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| | to possess / to own | |
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| | those on our side / ourselves / one's own people / one of us | |
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| | wholly-owned (often by foreign company) / exclusive investment | |
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| | to be on one's own; to be left alone / to be left out | |
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| | everyone gives their own view | |
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| | to commit suicide by cutting one's own throat | |
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| | sb who goes whichever way the wind blows / sb with no mind of their own / easily swayed person / opportunist | |
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| | to claim (as one's property) / to adopt (a child) / to accept (an illegitimate child as one's own) | |
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| | to act as one thinks fit / to have one's own way | |
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| | one's own mouth / fig. in one's own words / to say sth personally | |
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| | to spin a cocoon around oneself (idiom); enmeshed in a trap of one's own devising / hoist by his own petard | |
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| | in one's own handwriting | |
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| | no one to rely on (idiom); on one's own / orphaned / left to one's own devices | |
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| | Wu Sangui (1612-1678), Chinese general who let the Manchus into China and helped them establish the Qing Dynasty, later leading a revolt against Qing in an effort to start his own dynasty | |
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