quilt / by / (indicates passive-voice clauses) / (literary) to cover / to meet with / (coll.) (since c. 2009) used before a verb that does not accurately represent what actually happened, to describe with black humor how sb or sth was dealt with by the authorities (as in 被自殺｜被自杀)

first of the ten Heavenly Stems 十天干 / (used for an unspecified person or thing) / first (in a list, as a party to a contract etc) / letter "A" or roman "I" in list "A, B, C", or "I, II, III" etc / armor plating / shell or carapace / (of the fingers or toes) nail / bladed leather or metal armor (old) / ranking system used in the Imperial examinations (old) / civil administration unit in the baojia 保甲 system (old) / ancient Chinese compass point: 75°

second of the ten Heavenly Stems 十天干 / second in order / letter "B" or Roman "II" in list "A, B, C", or "I, II, III" etc / second party (in legal contract, usually 乙方, as opposed to 甲方) / ethyl / bent / winding / radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 5) / ancient Chinese compass point: 105°

third of the ten Heavenly Stems 十天干 / third in order / letter "C" or Roman "III" in list "A, B, C", or "I, II, III" etc / ancient Chinese compass point: 165° / propyl

greasy food; oily food / (of food) greasy; oily; fatty / (neologism c. 2017) (of a middle-aged man) obnoxious; pretentious; vulgar

C drive or default startup drive (computing)

Shang Dynasty (c. 1600-1046 BC) / surname Shang

the Xia or Hsia dynasty c. 2000 BC / Xia of the Sixteen Kingdoms (407-432) / surname Xia

Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) / surname Ming / Ming (c. 2000 BC), fourth of the legendary Flame Emperors, 炎帝 descended from Shennong 神農｜神农 Farmer God

surname Zhi / Zhi (c. 2000 BC), fifth of the legendary Flame Emperors 炎帝 descended from Shennong 神農｜神农 Farmer God

Washington, D.C. / the US federal government

surname Cheng / Cheng (c. 2000 BC), third of the legendary Flame Emperors 炎帝 descended from Shennong 神農｜神农 Farmer God

Ali (name) / Ali (c. 600-661), the fourth caliph of Islam / Ngari prefecture in Tibet

surname Chen / Chen (c. 1045 - 479 BC), a Zhou dynasty state / Chen (557-589), one of the Southern Dynasties 南朝

moist; glossy; sleek / to moisten; to lubricate / to embellish; to enhance / profit; remuneration / (neologism c. 2021) (slang) (loanword from "run") to emigrate (in order to flee adverse conditions)

Yu the Great (c. 21st century BC) mythical leader who tamed the floods

Chinese language (Mandarin), emphasizing its national nature / Chinese as a primary or secondary school subject / Chinese in the context of the Nationalist Government / Guoyu, book of historical narrative c. 10th-5th century BC

Yu the Great (c. 21st century BC), mythical leader who tamed the floods / surname Yu

Hōryūji, complex of Buddhist temples near Nara 奈良, Japan, dating back to the Asuka period 飛鳥時代｜飞鸟时代 (c. 600)

Laozi or Lao-tze (c. 500 BC), Chinese philosopher, the founder of Taoism / the sacred book of Daoism, 道德經｜道德经 by Laozi

pomelo (Citrus maxima or C. grandis) / shaddock / oriental grapefruit

Duke of Zhou (11th c. BC), son of King Wen of Zhou 周文王, played an important role as regent in founding the Western Zhou 西周, and is also known as the "God of Dreams"

fifth of the ten Heavenly Stems 十天干 / fifth in order / letter "E" or Roman "V" in list "A, B, C", or "I, II, III" etc / penta

age / seventh of the ten Heavenly Stems 十天干 / seventh in order / letter "G" or Roman "VII" in list "A, B, C", or "I, II, III" etc / ancient Chinese compass point: 255° / hepta

(neologism, c. 2015) (coll.) most prominent position (e.g. in a group photo of entertainers) (loanword from "carry" or "center" or "core")

Qi son of Yu the Great 禹, reported founder of the Xia Dynasty 夏朝 (c. 2070-c. 1600 BC)

Japanese limited company / corporation / public company / Ltd / p.l.c. / Corp / Japanese pr. kabushiki-gaisha

(archaic) light, bright (variant of 冏) / (since c. 2005) (slang) emoticon signifying embarrassment, shock, helplessness etc

ninth of the ten Heavenly Stems 十天干 / ninth in order / letter "I" or Roman "IX" in list "A, B, C", or "I, II, III" etc / ancient Chinese compass point: 345° / nona

Confucian school, founded by Confucius 孔子 (551-479 BC) and Mencius 孟子 (c. 372-c. 289 BC)

(neologism c. 2019) to exert control over (sb) by means of psychological manipulation (e.g. negging) / a person who does so (loanword from "pickup artist") / pr. [pi1 wu1 ei1]

pomelo tree (Citrus maxima or C. grandis) / shaddock / oriental grapefruit

Mencius (c. 372-c. 289 BC), Confucian philosopher second only to Confucius / book of the same name, one of the classics of Confucianism

Daoist School of the Warring States Period (475-221 BC), based on the teachings of Laozi or Lao-tze 老子 (c. 500 BC-) and Zhuangzi 莊子｜庄子 (369-286 BC)

Nāgārjuna (c. 150-250 AD), Buddhist philosopher

(neologism c. 2015) (slang) (used jokingly) to live on dirt (typically because one has spent all one's money on consumer items)

surname Yao / Yao or Tang Yao (c. 2200 BC), one of Five legendary Emperors 五帝, second son of Di Ku 帝嚳｜帝喾

Asanga (Buddhist philosopher, c. 4th century AD)

Sun Tzu, also known as Sun Wu 孫武｜孙武 (c. 500 BC, dates of birth and death uncertain), general, strategist and philosopher of the Spring and Autumn Period (700-475 BC), believed to be the author of the “Art of War” 孫子兵法｜孙子兵法, one of the Seven Military Classics of ancient China 武經七書｜武经七书

Washington (name) / George Washington (1732-1799), first US president / Washington, US State / Washington, D.C. (US federal capital)

Li (c. 2000 BC), sixth of the legendary Flame Emperors 炎帝 descended from Shennong 神農｜神农 Farmer God, also known as Ai 哀

Xishi (c. 450 BC), famous Chinese beauty, foremost of the four legendary beauties 四大美女, given by King Gou Jian 勾踐｜勾践 of Yue as concubine to King of Wu as part of a successful plan to destroy Wu

variant of 堯｜尧, legendary emperor Yao, c. 2200 BC / embankment

tenth of the ten Heavenly Stems 十天干 / tenth in order / letter "J" or Roman "X" in list "A, B, C", or "I, II, III" etc / ancient Chinese compass point: 15° / deca

Mozi (c. 470-391 BC), founder of the Mohist School 墨家 of the Warring States Period (475-220 BC)

Ke (c. 2000 BC), seventh of the legendary Flame Emperors, 炎帝 descended from Shennong 神農｜神农 Farmer God

self / oneself / sixth of the ten Heavenly Stems 十天干 / sixth in order / letter "F" or Roman "VI" in list "A, B, C", or "I, II, III" etc / hexa

(of taste) hot or pungent / hard / laborious / suffering / eighth in order / eighth of the ten Heavenly Stems 十天干 / letter "H" or Roman "VIII" in list "A, B, C", or "I, II, III" etc / ancient Chinese compass point: 285° / octa

Shennong or Farmer God (c. 2000 BC), first of the legendary Flame Emperors, 炎帝 and creator of agriculture

little girl who is older than another young child (e.g. her playmate) / (neologism c. 2017) (slang) young lady (amiable form of address for a young woman of about one's own age or a little older)

Flame Emperors (c. 2000 BC), legendary dynasty descended from Shennong 神農｜神农 Farmer God

Shun (c. 23rd century BC), mythical sage and leader

Ai (c. 2000 BC), sixth of legendary Flame Emperors 炎帝 descended from Shennong 神農｜神农 Farmer God, also known as Li 釐｜厘

to be revealed / to come out (of the truth) / chalk (for whitening walls) / (old) wine cup / (neologism c. 2021) healthcare worker or volunteer in full-body PPE (esp. during the COVID-19 pandemic) (from the 2014 Disney version of the Marvel Comics character Baymax, whose Chinese name is 大白)

Hui-zi also known as Hui Shi 惠施 (c. 370-310 BC), politician and philosopher of the School of Logicians 名家 during the Warring States Period (475-220 BC)

pomelo (Citrus maxima or C. grandis) / shaddock / oriental grapefruit

Princess Taiping (c. 665-713), Tang Dynasty princess, politically powerful and known for her beauty

Mohammed (c. 570-632), central figure of Islam and prophet of God

sorry to interrupt you, but ... / sorry to have bothered you / sorry, I have to go / (slang) (coined c. 2017) used facetiously to terminate a conversation (esp. online) when the other person is being insufferable

School of Principle / Neo-Confucian Rationalistic School (from Song to mid-Qing times, c. 1000-1750, typified by the teachings of Cheng Hao 程顥｜程颢, Cheng Yi 程頤｜程颐 and Zhu Xi 朱熹)

little boy who is older than another young child (e.g. his playmate) / (neologism c. 2017) (slang) amiable form of address for a young man of about one's own age or a little older

to play the xiao 簫｜箫 (mouth organ) / to beg while playing pipes; cf politician Wu Zixu 伍子胥, c. 520 BC destitute refugee in Wu town, 吳市吹簫｜吴市吹箫 / to busk / virtuoso piper wins a beauty, cf 玉人吹簫｜玉人吹箫 / (slang) fellatio / blowjob

Laozi or Lao-tze (c. 500 BC), Chinese philosopher, the founder of Taoism / the sacred book of Daoism, 道德經｜道德经 by Laozi

state of Wei (c. 1040-209 BC), vassal of Zhou

Husain or Hussein (name) / Hussein (c. 626-680), Muslim leader whose martyrdom is commemorated at Ashura / Saddam Hussein al Tikriti (1937-2006), dictator of Iraq 1979-2003

Murasaki Shikibu (born c. 973), Japanese writer, author of "The Tale of Genji"

Zuo Zhuan or Tsochuan, Mr Zuo's Annals or Mr Zuo's commentary on 春秋, early history c. 400 BC attributed to famous blind historian Zuo Qiuming 左丘明

Eight Banners, military organization of Manchu later Jin dynasty 後金｜后金 from c. 1600, subsequently of the Qing dynasty

Tao Qian or Tao Yuanming 陶淵明｜陶渊明 (c. 365-427), Jin dynasty writer and poet

the Yellow Emperor, mythological emperor of China, reigned c. 2697-2597 BC

Hamlet (name) / the Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark c. 1601 by William Shakespeare 莎士比亞｜莎士比亚

Chu Ci, the Songs of Chu (ancient book of poems, collected during Han but esp. from country of Chu c. 500 BC)

Li Yu (c. 937-978), given name of the final ruler of Tang of the Five Southern dynasties Li Houzhu 李後主｜李后主, a renowned poet

(neologism c. 2016) (slang) unpleasant to look at / hard on the eyes

Jiang Ziya (c. 1100 BC, dates of birth and death unknown), partly mythical sage advisor to King Wen of Zhou 周文王 and purported author of “Six Secret Strategic Teachings” 六韜｜六韬, one of the Seven Military Classics of ancient China 武經七書｜武经七书

(neologism c. 2017) to dote on cats

Yao or Tang Yao (c. 2200 BC), one of Five Legendary Emperors 五帝, second son of Di Ku 帝嚳｜帝喾

Shu Han (c. 200-263), Liu Bei's kingdom in Sichuan during the Three Kingdoms, claiming legitimacy as successor of Han

"Erya" or "The Ready Guide", first extant Chinese dictionary, c. 3rd century BC, with glossaries on classical texts

Classic of Mountain and Sea, probably compiled c. 500 BC-200 BC, contains wide range of geography, mythology, witchcraft, popular customs etc

(neologism c. 2016) (slang) to watch an entertaining spectacle from the sidelines and-or engage in gossip about it

Xunzi, (c. 310-237 BC), Confucian philosopher / the Xunzi, a collection of philosophical writings attributed to Xunzi

(anatomy) lacrimal punctum / (literary) tears / (neologism c. 2015) the point at which one is moved to tears

The Yellow Emperor's Internal Canon, medical text c. 300 BC

Hua Mulan, legendary woman warrior (c. fifth century), Northern dynasties folk hero recorded in Sui and Tang literature

Zhangsun Wuji (c. 594-659), politician and historian of early Tang

Eastern Barbarians, non-Han tribe living to the east of China c 2200 BC

Li Shangyin (c. 813-858), Tang poet

(term coined c. 1920s) unequal treaty – a treaty between China and one or more aggressor nations (including Russia, Japan and various Western powers) which imposed humiliating conditions on China (in the 19th and early 20th centuries)

Daji (c. 11th century BC), concubine of the last Shang dynasty king Zhou Xin 紂辛｜纣辛

Industrial Revolution, c. 1750-1830

vitamin C / ascorbic acid

Changle, county-level city in Fuzhou 福州, Fujian / Princess Changle of Western Wei of the Northern dynasties 西魏, given in marriage c. 545 to Bumin Khan 土門｜土门

(neologism c. 2017) (coll.) chill about everything (typically used to describe young people who don't buy into aspirational society)

Plato (c. 427-c. 347 BC), Greek philosopher

bronze implement / refers to ancient bronze artifacts, from c. 2,000 BC

Unkei (c. 1150-1224), Japanese sculptor of Buddhist images

Marco Polo (1254-c. 1324), Venetian trader and explorer who traveled the Silk road to China, author of Il Milione (Travels of Marco Polo)

Kumarajiva c. 334-413, Buddhist monk and translator of Zen texts

coupons for food or grain used in a PRC economic program c. 1955-1993