quilt / by / (indicates passive-voice clauses) / (literary) to cover / to meet with / (coll.) (since c. 2009) used before a verb that does not accurately represent what actually happened, to describe with black humor how sb or sth was dealt with by the authorities (as in 被自殺｜被自杀)

first of the ten Heavenly Stems 十天干 / (used for an unspecified person or thing) / first (in a list, as a party to a contract etc) / letter "A" or roman "I" in list "A, B, C", or "I, II, III" etc / armor plating / shell or carapace / (of the fingers or toes) nail / bladed leather or metal armor (old) / ranking system used in the Imperial examinations (old) / civil administration unit in the baojia 保甲 system (old) / ancient Chinese compass point: 75°

second of the ten Heavenly Stems 十天干 / second in order / letter "B" or Roman "II" in list "A, B, C", or "I, II, III" etc / second party (in legal contract, usually 乙方, as opposed to 甲方) / ethyl / bent / winding / radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 5) / ancient Chinese compass point: 105°

fourth of the ten Heavenly Stems 十天干 / fourth in order / letter "D" or Roman "IV" in list "A, B, C", or "I, II, III" etc / ancient Chinese compass point: 195° / butyl / cubes (of food)

third of the ten Heavenly Stems 十天干 / third in order / letter "C" or Roman "III" in list "A, B, C", or "I, II, III" etc / ancient Chinese compass point: 165° / propyl

surname Chen / Chen (c. 1045 - 479 BC), a Zhou dynasty state / Chen (557-589), one of the Southern Dynasties 南朝

Shang Dynasty (c. 1600-1046 BC) / surname Shang

(Tw) (neologism c. 2007) information presented in easily assimilable form (digest, summary, infographic etc)

(neologism, c. 2015) (coll.) most prominent position (e.g. in a group photo of entertainers) (loanword from "carry" or "center" or "core")

Qi son of Yu the Great 禹, reported founder of the Xia Dynasty 夏朝 (c. 2070-c. 1600 BC)

surname Zhi / Zhi (c. 2000 BC), fifth of the legendary Flame Emperors 炎帝 descended from Shennong 神農｜神农 Farmer God

surname Cheng / Cheng (c. 2000 BC), third of the legendary Flame Emperors 炎帝 descended from Shennong 神農｜神农 Farmer God

Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) / surname Ming / Ming (c. 2000 BC), fourth of the legendary Flame Emperors, 炎帝 descended from Shennong 神農｜神农 Farmer God

the Xia or Hsia dynasty c. 2000 BC / Xia of the Sixteen Kingdoms (407-432) / surname Xia

Washington (name) / George Washington (1732-1799), first US president / Washington, US State / Washington, D.C. (US federal capital)

C drive or default startup drive (computing)

(of taste) hot or pungent / hard / laborious / suffering / eighth in order / eighth of the ten Heavenly Stems 十天干 / letter "H" or Roman "VIII" in list "A, B, C", or "I, II, III" etc / ancient Chinese compass point: 285° / octa

Chinese language (Mandarin), emphasizing its national nature / Chinese as a primary or secondary school subject / Chinese in the context of the Nationalist Government / Guoyu, book of historical narrative c. 10th-5th century BC

Washington, D.C. / the US federal government

Ali (proper name) / Imam Ali ibn Abu Talib (c. 600-661), cousin, aid and son-in-law of the Prophet Mohammed 穆罕默德, the fourth Caliph 哈里發｜哈里发 of Islam, reigned 656-661, and the first Imam 伊瑪目｜伊玛目 of Shia Islam / Ngari prefecture in Tibet, Tibetan: Mnga' ris

(archaic) light, bright (variant of 冏) / (since c. 2005) (slang) emoticon signifying embarrassment, shock, helplessness etc

Li (c. 2000 BC), sixth of the legendary Flame Emperors 炎帝 descended from Shennong 神農｜神农 Farmer God, also known as Ai 哀

little girl who is older than another young child (e.g. her playmate) / (neologism c. 2017) (slang) young lady (amiable form of address for a young woman of about one's own age or a little older)

self / oneself / sixth of the ten Heavenly Stems 十天干 / sixth in order / letter "F" or Roman "VI" in list "A, B, C", or "I, II, III" etc / hexa

surname Yao / Yao or Tang Yao (c. 2200 BC), one of Five legendary Emperors 五帝, second son of Di Ku 帝嚳｜帝喾

Duke of Zhou (11th c. BC), son of King Wen of Zhou 周文王, played an important role as regent in founding the Western Zhou 西周, and is also known as the "God of Dreams"

the prehistoric Shang dynasty (c. 16th-11th century BC)

Yu the Great (c. 21st century BC), mythical leader who tamed the floods / surname Yu

grade 3 / third class / category C

(embryology) to involute / involution / (neologism c. 2017) (of a society) to become more and more of a rat race / to become increasingly competitive (due to limited resources)

Japanese limited company / corporation / public company / Ltd / p.l.c. / Corp / Japanese pr. kabushiki-gaisha

to lie stretched out / (neologism c. 2021) to opt out of the rat race

Ren An (-c. 90 BC), Han Dynasty general, also called Ren Shaoqing 任少卿

variant of 堯｜尧, legendary emperor Yao, c. 2200 BC / embankment

(Tw) (neologism c. 2008) mainland Chinese tourist

little boy who is older than another young child (e.g. his playmate) / (neologism c. 2017) (slang) amiable form of address for a young man of about one's own age or a little older

digital token (loanword from "token") (neologism c. 2017)

Shun (c. 23rd century BC), mythical sage and leader

Ai (c. 2000 BC), sixth of legendary Flame Emperors 炎帝 descended from Shennong 神農｜神农 Farmer God, also known as Li 釐｜厘

the silver point / the melting point of silver 962°C used as a calibration point in some temperature scales

cat owner (neologism c. 2013, jocular)

official announcement (neologism c. 2018)

Liu Bei (161-223), warlord at the end of the Han dynasty and founder of the Han kingdom of Shu 蜀漢｜蜀汉 (c. 200-263), later the Shu Han dynasty

School of Principle / Neo-Confucian Rationalistic School (from Song to mid-Qing times, c. 1000-1750, typified by the teachings of Cheng Hao 程顥｜程颢, Cheng Yi 程頤｜程颐 and Zhu Xi 朱熹)

pomelo (Citrus maxima or C. grandis) / shaddock / oriental grapefruit

sorry to interrupt you, but ... / sorry to have bothered you / sorry, I have to go / (slang) (coined c. 2017) used facetiously to terminate a conversation (esp. online) when the other person is being insufferable

Classic of Mountain and Sea, probably compiled c. 500 BC-200 BC, contains wide range of geography, mythology, witchcraft, popular customs etc

(neologism c. 2012) (interjection of encouragement) Let’s do this! / Come on, you can do this!

state of Wei (c. 1040-209 BC), vassal of Zhou

the Yellow Emperor, mythological emperor of China, reigned c. 2697-2597 BC

pomelo (Citrus maxima or C. grandis) / shaddock / oriental grapefruit

(neologism c. 2009) don't worry, it's all taken care of

Zuo Zhuan or Tsochuan, Mr Zuo's Annals or Mr Zuo's commentary on 春秋, early history c. 400 BC attributed to famous blind historian Zuo Qiuming 左丘明

Li Bing (c. 3rd century BC) hydraulic engineer who designed the Dujiangyan 都江堰 irrigation system in Sichuan

to play the xiao 簫｜箫 (mouth organ) / to beg while playing pipes; cf politician Wu Zixu 伍子胥, c. 520 BC destitute refugee in Wu town, 吳市吹簫｜吴市吹箫 / to busk / virtuoso piper wins a beauty, cf 玉人吹簫｜玉人吹箫 / (slang) fellatio / blowjob

°C (degrees Celsius)

peanut gallery (esp. in online forums) / onlookers who are interested in the spectacle but don't have anything knowledgeable to say about it / (neologism c. 2016)

Hua Mulan, legendary woman warrior (c. fifth century), Northern dynasties folk hero recorded in Sui and Tang literature

Ur (Sumerian city c. 4500 BC in modern Iraq)

Changle county level city in Fuzhou 福州, Fujian / Princess Changle of Western Wei of the Northern dynasties 西魏, given in marriage c. 545 to Bumin Khan 土門｜土门

to be green with envy (neologism c. 2009)

Industrial Revolution, c. 1750-1830

Washington D.C. (US federal capital)

ninth of the ten Heavenly Stems 十天干 / ninth in order / letter "I" or Roman "IX" in list "A, B, C", or "I, II, III" etc / ancient Chinese compass point: 345° / nona

The Yellow Emperor's Internal Canon, medical text c. 300 BC

Chu Ci, the Songs of Chu (ancient book of poems, collected during Han but esp. from country of Chu c. 500 BC)

Tao Yuanming (c. 365-427), Jin dynasty writer and poet

Li Yu (1611-c. 1680), late Ming and early Qing writer and dramatist

Li Shangyin (c. 813-858), Tang poet

"Erya" or "The Ready Guide", first extant Chinese dictionary, c. 3rd century BC, with glossaries on classical texts

Plato (c. 427-c. 347 BC), Greek philosopher

Sun Tzu, also known as Sun Wu 孫武｜孙武 (c. 500 BC, dates of birth and death uncertain), general, strategist and philosopher of the Spring and Autumn Period (700-475 BC), believed to be the author of the “Art of War” 孫子兵法｜孙子兵法, one of the Seven Military Classics of ancient China 武經七書｜武经七书

Laozi or Lao-tze (c. 500 BC), Chinese philosopher, the founder of Taoism / the sacred book of Daoism, 道德經｜道德经 by Laozi

Classic on Medical Problems, c. 1st century AD / abbr. for 黃帝八十一難經｜黄帝八十一难经

Shu Han (c. 200-263), Liu Bei's kingdom in Sichuan during the Three Kingdoms, claiming legitimacy as successor of Han

Philistine (Palestinian people, reputedly uncircumcised, c. 1,000 BC)

age / seventh of the ten Heavenly Stems 十天干 / seventh in order / letter "G" or Roman "VII" in list "A, B, C", or "I, II, III" etc / ancient Chinese compass point: 255° / hepta

Xunzi, (c. 310-237 BC), Confucian philosopher / the Xunzi, a collection of philosophical writings attributed to Xunzi

Qian Qi (c. 710-780), Tang Dynasty poet

Plato's "The Republic" (c. 380 BC)

Li Si (c. 280-208 BC), Legalist philosopher, calligrapher and prime minister of Qin kingdom and Qin dynasty from 246 to 208 BC

fifth of the ten Heavenly Stems 十天干 / fifth in order / letter "E" or Roman "V" in list "A, B, C", or "I, II, III" etc / penta

Mozi (c. 470-391 BC), founder of the Mohist School 墨家 of the Warring States Period (475-220 BC)

Xishi (c. 450 BC), famous Chinese beauty, foremost of the four legendary beauties 四大美女, given by King Gou Jian 勾踐｜勾践 of Yue as concubine to King of Wu as part of a successful plan to destroy Wu

Ahab (9th c. BC), King of Israel, son of Omri and husband of Jezebel, prominent figure in 1 Kings 16-22

abbr. for 黃帝內經｜黄帝内经, The Yellow Emperor's Internal Canon, medical text c. 300 BC

Mohammed (c. 570-632), central figure of Islam and prophet of God

Asanga (Buddhist philosopher, c. 4th century AD)

to get married soon after meeting (abbr. for 閃電結婚｜闪电结婚) (neologism c. 2005)

another name for Han Fei 韩非, Legalist philosopher (c. 280-233 BC) / Han Feizi, book of Legalist Philosophy authored by Han Fei 韓非｜韩非 during the Warring States Period (475-220 BC)

Li Yu (c. 937-978), given name of the final ruler of Tang of the Five Southern dynasties Li Houzhu 李後主｜李后主, a renowned poet

C size battery (Tw) / PRC equivalent: 三號電池｜三号电池

Mencius (c. 372-c. 289 BC), Confucian philosopher second only to Confucius / book of the same name, one of the classics of Confucianism

Jiang Ziya (c. 1100 BC, dates of birth and death unknown), partly mythical sage advisor to King Wen of Zhou 周文王 and purported author of “Six Secret Strategic Teachings” 六韜｜六韬, one of the Seven Military Classics of ancient China 武經七書｜武经七书

coupons for food or grain used in a PRC economic program c. 1955-1993

(neologism c. 2017) to dote on cats

Shennong or Farmer God (c. 2000 BC), first of the legendary Flame Emperors, 炎帝 and creator of agriculture

the Great Depression (1929-c. 1939)

type C / type III / gamma-

Marco Polo (1254-c. 1324), Venetian trader and explorer who traveled the Silk road to China, author of Il Milione (Travels of Marco Polo)