| | which ones? / who? / what? | HSK 1 |
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| | who / also pr. [shui2] | HSK 1 |
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| | (there are) some (who are...) / some (exist) | HSK 1 |
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| | good person / healthy person / person who tries not to offend anyone, even at the expense of principle | HSK 2 |
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| | (after a verb or adjective) one who (is) ... / (after a noun) person involved in ... / -er / -ist / (used after a number or 後｜后 or 前 to refer to sth mentioned previously) / (used after a term, to mark a pause before defining the term) / (old) (used at the end of a command) / (old) this | HSK 3 |
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| | only have ... / there is only ... / (used in combination with 才) it is only if one ... (that one can ...) (Example: 只有通過治療才能痊愈｜只有通过治疗才能痊愈 "the only way to cure it is with therapy") / it is only ... (who ...) (Example: 只有男性才有此需要 "only men would have such a requirement") / (used to indicate that one has no alternative) one can only (do a certain thing) (Example: 只有屈服 "the only thing you can do is give in") | HSK 3 |
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| | whatever / no matter what (who, how etc) / regardless of / not to discuss | HSK 3 |
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| | to pray for / to wish (sb bon voyage, happy birthday etc) / person who invokes the spirits during sacrificial ceremonies | HSK 3 |
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| | (raw) material / data / (fig.) person who has the potential to do the job | HSK 4 |
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| | to accept an applicant (prospective student, employee etc) who passes an entrance exam / to admit (a student) / to hire (a job candidate) | HSK 4 |
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| | master's degree / person who has a master's degree / learned person | HSK 5 |
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| | to lose (money); to have a deficit / to be deficient / to treat unfairly / luckily; fortunately; thanks to / (used to introduce an ironic remark about sb who has fallen short of expectations) | HSK 5 |
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| | to meet with (sb who is paying a visit) / CL: 次 | HSK 6 |
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| | migrant worker (who moved from a rural area of China to a city to find work) / temporary worker enlisted on a public project | HSK 6 |
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| | unexpected / hard to imagine / it had not occurred to me / who could have thought that | HSK 6 |
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| | a benefactor / a person who has significantly helped sb else | HSK 6 |
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| | people from the same workplace or profession / co-worker / colleague / pop culture enthusiasts who create fan fiction etc | HSK 7-9 |
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| | migrant worker (who moved from a rural area of China to a city to find work) | HSK 7-9 |
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| | (of people who were estranged) to be reconciled / (of a couple) to get back together | HSK 7-9 |
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| | a neglected branch (of arts, science, sports etc) / fig. a complete unknown who wins a competition | HSK 7-9 |
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| | (fig.) malign agent who manipulates from behind the scenes / hidden hand / (Tw) mechanic / blue-collar worker / manual laborer | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to make sth of oneself / to become a person who is worthy of respect | HSK 7-9 |
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| | (of an organization that has a duty of care) to give financial support to relatives of sb who has died or suffered serious injury | HSK 7-9 |
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| | wife of father's elder brother / aunt / (polite form of address for a woman who is about the age of one's mother) / CL: 個｜个 | HSK 7-9 |
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| | meritorious official / person who renders exceptional service; hero / (fig.) sth that plays a vital role | HSK 7-9 |
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| | God knows... / Who would have imagined...? | HSK 7-9 |
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| | who would have thought that ...? | HSK 7-9 |
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| | overseas Chinese / (in a restricted sense) Chinese emigrant who still retains Chinese nationality / CL: 個｜个, 位, 名 | HSK 7-9 |
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| | which / who | |
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| | (Internet slang) uploader (person who uploads a video or other content to the Internet) / pronounced [a4 pu5 zhu3] / (loanword from Japanese うｐ 主, "upunushi") | |
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| | John Rabe (1882-1950), German who helped protect Chinese during the Nanking massacre period | |
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| | (neologism c. 2019) to exert control over (sb) by means of psychological manipulation (e.g. negging) / a person who does so (loanword from "pickup artist") / pr. [pi1 wu1 ei1] | |
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| | narcissus / daffodil / legendary aquatic immortal / refers to those buried at sea / person who wanders abroad and does not return | |
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| | do not / there is none who | |
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| | gunman / sharpshooter / sb who takes an exam for sb else / sb who produces a piece of work for sb else to pass off as their own | |
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| | (of fuse wire) to melt; to blow / (fig.) to halt stock trading / (fig.) to suspend an airline from operating flights on a given route (as a penalty, e.g. for bringing in more than a specified number of passengers who test positive for COVID) | |
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| | group buying / collective buying / buying by a group of individuals who negotiate a discount for the group | |
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| | Alexandra David-Néel (1868-1969), Belgian-French explorer and writer who traveled in Tibet in the 1920s | |
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| | person who writes articles - newspapers, magazines, blogs (informal) / scribe / copyist / a talented writer of articles or of calligraphy | |
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| | who | |
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| | one who has mastered the sutras (Buddhism) | |
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| | (in literature and opera) a place to which a monarch banishes a wife or concubine who falls from favor / (fig.) the doghouse / a state of disfavor | |
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| | (coll.) piece of light artillery such as a mortar / (fig.) person who speaks boldly and frankly / hot hatch (car) / (also used figuratively with various meanings in other contexts) | |
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| | to call back the soul of sb who has died or is seriously ill / (fig.) to resurrect (an old system etc) | |
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| | who would have thought that / who would have expected that | |
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| | garlic chives (Allium tuberosum), aka Chinese chives / (fig.) retail investors who lose their money to more experienced operators (i.e. they are "harvested" like garlic chives) | |
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| | who / which / what | |
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| | clean flowing water / (fig.) (literary) honorable person, untainted by association with disreputable influences / scholars who (in former times) kept themselves aloof from the corrupting influence of those in power | |
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| | ground beetle / (coll.) professional or entrepreneur who, unlike a 海歸｜海归, has never studied overseas / (dialect) country bumpkin | |
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| | to accompany one's child or spouse who is studying overseas / to help a child with their study, reading or practicing together | |
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| | it is easier to change mountains and rivers than to alter one's character (idiom) / you can't change who you are / Can the leopard change his spots? | |
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| | 3rd rank of candidates who passed the imperial examination / (hospital ranking) A-grade tertiary (the highest level) (abbr. for 三級甲等｜三级甲等) | |
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| | wandering ghosts without living descendants to pray for them (idiom) / person who has no family or friends to rely on | |
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| | walking corpse (idiom) / zombie / person who lives only on the material level | |
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| | dukes or princes who rule a part of the country under the emperor; local rulers | |
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| | green tea / (slang) (of a girl) seemingly innocent and charming but actually calculating and manipulative / a girl who has these qualities | |
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| | none doesn't / there is none who isn't / everyone | |
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| | a son who is an only child | |
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| | (medicine) hyperplasia / (abbr. for 增廣生員｜增广生员) a scholar studying for the Ming dynasty imperial examinations who did not make the quota for support in the form of a monthly allowance of rice that students who made the quota received | |
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| | old soldier; veteran / veteran (sb who has a lot of experience in some domain) | |
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| | tenant / person who leases | |
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| | householder who refuses to vacate his home despite pressure from property developers | |
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| | (Wu dialect) bum / wretched-looking tramp who lives by begging or stealing | |
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| | surgeon / as opposed to physician 內科醫生｜内科医生, who works primarily by administering drugs | |
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| | person who has no understanding of legal matters | |
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| | a friend made in hospital or people who become friends in hospital / wardmate | |
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| | ghost of one who died unjustly / departed spirit demanding vengeance for grievances | |
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| | sb who goes whichever way the wind blows / sb with no mind of their own / easily swayed person / opportunist | |
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| | lit. add flowers to brocade (idiom) / fig. to give sth additional splendor / to provide the crowning touch / (derog.) to benefit sb who is already well off | |
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| | old friend / sb who passed the county level imperial exam (in Ming dynasty) | |
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| | big gun / cannon / artillery / one who talks big / CL: 門｜门, 尊 | |
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| | Xuanzang (602-664) Tang dynasty Buddhist monk and translator, who traveled to India 629-645 | |
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| | lit. green plums and hobby-horse (idiom) / fig. innocent children's games / childhood sweethearts / a couple who grew up as childhood friends | |
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| | provincial imperial examination graduate who ranked 1st in metropolitan examination (in Ming and Qing dynasties) | |
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| | Christian Johann Doppler, Austrian physicist who discovered the Doppler effect | |
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| | lit. not knowing what's important (idiom); no appreciation of the gravity of things / naive / doesn't know who's who / no sense of priorities | |
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| | a person who has passed the county level imperial exam (historical) / scholar / skillful writer / fine talent | |
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| | stumbling block / obstacle / someone who gets in your way | |
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| | Xiongnu, a people of the Eastern Steppe who created an empire that flourished around the time of the Qin and Han dynasties | |
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| | to throw stones at sb who has fallen down a well (idiom) / to hit a person when he's down | |
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| | Liu Bang (256 or 247-195 BC), bandit leader who became first Han emperor Han Gaozu 漢高祖｜汉高祖 (reigned 202-195 BC) | |
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| | (Chinese folk religion) Meng Po, goddess who gives a potion to souls before they are reincarnated, which makes them forget their previous life / (Chinese folk religion) Meng Po, goddess of the wind | |
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| | (literary) person who dies for their country / martyr to the national cause | |
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| | Yellow Crane Tower in Wuhan City, built in 223, burnt down in 1884, rebuilt in 1985 / favored place of poet sages, who in legend arrived riding golden cranes / Tang poem by Cui Hao 崔顥｜崔颢, with theme 'the past will never return' / one of three famous pagodas in China along with Yueyang Tower 岳陽樓｜岳阳楼 in Yueyang, north Hunan, and Tengwang Tower 滕王閣｜滕王阁 in Nanchang, Jiangxi | |
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| | roundworm; ascarid; (esp.) Ascaris lumbricoides, a human parasite / (fig.) person who knows what another person is thinking; a mind reader | |
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| | pervert (esp. one who gropes women in public) | |
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| | He who gives no thought to far-flung problems soon finds suffering nearby (idiom, from Analects). / Smug concentration on the here and now will lead to future sorrow. | |
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| | one who is cut off from others (idiom) / one who has chosen to follow a solitary path / (can also be an indirect way of referring to an unmarried person) | |
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| | one who is successful in one's studies, can become an official (idiom) | |
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| | Xuanzang (602-664), Tang dynasty Buddhist monk and translator who traveled to India 629-645 | |
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| | Buddha (a person who has attained Buddhahood, or specifically Siddhartha Gautama) | |
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| | Shide, Tang Buddhist poet who lived at the Guoqing Temple on Mt Tiantai 天台山 | |
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| | (onom.) sound of the wind or the breathing of sb who is sound asleep | |
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| | (coll.) shill; tout; phony customer who pretends to buys things so as to lure real customers | |
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| | Kam people, who live mostly in southern China and in the north of Laos and Vietnam | |
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| | dabbler / dilettante who speaks as though he were an expert | |
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| | to rank (number 1, or third last etc) / to be among (those who are in a particular group) | |
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| | people who go on walks for exercise / (Tw) rebel youth motorcycle group | |
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| | a treacherous court official / a minister who conspires against the state | |
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| | idle person; idler / person who has no legitimate reason to be in a certain place | |
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