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Simplified Pīnyīn		English Definition	Traditional HSK
元 yuán	元 \| 元* \| *元	currency unit (esp. Chinese yuan) / (bound form) first; original; primary / (bound form) basic; fundamental / (bound form) constituent; part / (prefix) meta- / (math.) argument; variable / era (of a reign) / (Tw) (geology) eon	HSK 1


朝 cháo	朝 \| 朝* \| *朝	imperial or royal court / government / dynasty / reign of a sovereign or emperor / court or assembly held by a sovereign or emperor / to make a pilgrimage to / facing / towards	HSK 3


当今 dāngjīn	当今 \| 当今* \| *当今	the present time / (old) (in reference to the reigning monarch) His Majesty	當今 HSK 7-9


朝代 cháodài	朝代 \| 朝代* \| *朝代	dynasty / reign (of a king)	HSK 7-9


王 wàng	王 \| 王* \| *王	to rule / to reign over


嘉定 Jiādìng	嘉定 \| 嘉定* \| *嘉定	Jiading district of northwest Shanghai / final reign name 1208-1224 of South Song emperor Ningzong 寧宗｜宁宗


昭和 Zhāohé	昭和 \| 昭和* \| *昭和	Shōwa, Japanese era name, corresponding to the reign (1925-1989) of emperor Hirohito 裕仁


圣诞 Shèngdàn	圣诞 \| 圣诞* \| *圣诞	Christmas / birthday of reigning Emperor / Confucius' birthday	聖誕


永嘉 Yǒngjiā	永嘉 \| 永嘉* \| *永嘉	Yongjia county in Wenzhou 溫州｜温州, Zhejiang / reign name 307-313 of Jin Emperor Huai 晉懷帝｜晋怀帝


明仁 Míngrén	明仁 \| 明仁* \| *明仁	Akihito, personal name of the Heisei 平成 emperor of Japan (1933-), reigned 1989-2019


开元 Kāiyuán	开元 \| 开元* \| *开元	Tang emperor Xuanzong's 唐玄宗 reign name used during the Kaiyuan era (713-741), a peak of Tang prosperity	開元


乾隆 Qiánlóng	乾隆 \| 乾隆* \| *乾隆	Qianlong Emperor (1711-1799), sixth Qing emperor, princely title 寶親王｜宝亲王, personal name 弘曆｜弘历, reigned 1735-1799


康熙 Kāngxī	康熙 \| 康熙* \| *康熙	Kangxi, title of the reign (1661-1722) of the Kangxi Emperor 聖祖｜圣祖


建安 Jiàn'ān	建安 \| 建安* \| *建安	reign name (196-219) at the end of the Han dynasty


元年 yuánnián	元年 \| 元年* \| *元年	first year of an emperor's reign / first year of an era / first year of a significant time period


道光 Dàoguāng	道光 \| 道光* \| *道光	reign name of Qing emperor (1821-1850)


黄帝 Huángdì	黄帝 \| 黄帝* \| *黄帝	the Yellow Emperor, mythological emperor of China, reigned c. 2697-2597 BC	黃帝


太宗 Tàizōng	太宗 \| 太宗* \| *太宗	posthumous name given to the second emperor of a dynasty / King Taejong of Joseon Korea (1367-1422), reigned 1400-1418


雍正 Yōngzhèng	雍正 \| 雍正* \| *雍正	Yongzheng, reign name of Qing emperor (1722-1735)


景泰 Jǐngtài	景泰 \| 景泰* \| *景泰	Jingtai county in Baiyin 白銀｜白银, Gansu / Jingtai Emperor, reign name of seventh Ming Emperor Zhu Qiyu 朱祁鈺｜朱祁钰 (1428-1457), reigned 1449-1457, temple name 代宗


永乐 Yǒnglè	永乐 \| 永乐* \| *永乐	Yongle Emperor, reign name of third Ming emperor Zhu Di 朱棣 (1360-1424), reigned 1403-1424, temple name 明成祖	永樂


建文 Jiàn Wén	建文 \| 建文* \| *建文	Jianwen Emperor, reign name of second Ming Emperor Zhu Yunwen 朱允炆 (1377-1402), reigned 1398-1402


武则天 Wǔ Zétiān	武则天 \| 武则天* \| *武则天	Wu Zetian (624-705), Tang empress, reigned 690-705	武則天


万历 Wànlì	万历 \| 万历* \| *万历	reign name of Ming emperor (1573-1619)	萬曆


在位 zàiwèi	在位 \| 在位* \| *在位	on the throne / reigning (monarch)


武定 Wǔdìng	武定 \| 武定* \| *武定	Wuding reign name (543-550) during Eastern Wei of the Northern Dynasties 東魏｜东魏 / Wuding County in Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture 楚雄彞族自治州｜楚雄彝族自治州, Yunnan


刘邦 Liú Bāng	刘邦 \| 刘邦* \| *刘邦	Liu Bang (256 or 247-195 BC), bandit leader who became first Han emperor Han Gaozu 漢高祖｜汉高祖 (reigned 202-195 BC)	劉邦


慈禧 Cí Xǐ	慈禧 \| 慈禧* \| *慈禧	Empress Dowager Cixi or Ts'u Hsi (reigned 1861-1908)


正统 Zhèngtǒng	正统 \| 正统* \| *正统	Zhengtong Emperor, reign name of sixth Ming Emperor Zhu Qizhen 朱祁鎮｜朱祁镇 (1427-1464), reigned 1435-1449, temple name Yingzong 英宗	正統


年号 niánhào	年号 \| 年号* \| *年号	reign title / era name (name for either the entire reign of an emperor or one part of it) / year number (such as 2016 or 甲子)	年號


正德 Zhèngdé	正德 \| 正德* \| *正德	Zhengde Emperor, reign name of eleventh Ming emperor Zhu Houzhao 朱厚照 (1491-1521), reigned 1505-1521, temple name 明武宗


嘉庆 Jiāqìng	嘉庆 \| 嘉庆* \| *嘉庆	Jiaqing Emperor (1760-1820), seventh Qing emperor, personal name 顒琰｜颙琰, reigned 1796-1820	嘉慶


文宗 Wénzōng	文宗 \| 文宗* \| *文宗	Wenzong Emperor, reign name of Yuan Dynasty emperor Tugh Temür (1304-1332), reigned 1328-1332


太上皇 Tàishànghuáng	太上皇 \| 太上皇* \| *太上皇	Taishang Huang / Retired Emperor / father of the reigning emperor / fig. puppet master


洪武 Hóngwǔ	洪武 \| 洪武* \| *洪武	Hongwu Emperor, also written Hung-wu Ti, reign name of first Ming emperor Zhu Yuanzhang 朱元璋 (1328-1398), reigned 1386-1398, temple name 明太祖


世宗 Shìzōng	世宗 \| 世宗* \| *世宗	Sejong the Great or Sejong Daewang (1397-1450), reigned 1418-1450 as fourth king of Joseon or Chosun dynasty, in whose reign the hangeul alphabet was invented


改元 gǎiyuán	改元 \| 改元* \| *改元	to change an emperor's or ruler's reign title (old)


顺治 Shùnzhì	顺治 \| 顺治* \| *顺治	reign name of second Qing emperor (1644-1662)	順治


安贞 Ānzhēn	安贞 \| 安贞* \| *安贞	Antei (Japanese reign name, 1227-1229)	安貞


忽必烈 Hūbìliè	忽必烈 \| 忽必烈* \| *忽必烈	Khubilai Khan (1215-1294), grandson of Genghis Khan 成吉思汗, first Yuan dynasty emperor, reigned 1260-1294


宣统 Xuāntǒng	宣统 \| 宣统* \| *宣统	reign name (1909-1911) of the last Qing emperor Pu Yi 溥儀｜溥仪	宣統


咸丰 Xiánfēng	咸丰 \| 咸丰* \| *咸丰	Xianfeng (1831-1861), reign name of Qing emperor, reigned from 1850-1861 / Xianfeng County in Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture 恩施土家族苗族自治州, Hubei	咸豐


深蓝 Shēnlán	深蓝 \| 深蓝* \| *深蓝	Deep Blue, chess-playing computer, first to defeat reigning world champion, developed by IBM (1985-1997)	深藍


宣德 Xuāndé	宣德 \| 宣德* \| *宣德	Xuande Emperor, reign name of fifth Ming emperor Zhu Zhanji 朱瞻基 (1398-1435), reigned 1426-1436, temple name 明宣宗


弘治 Hóngzhì	弘治 \| 弘治* \| *弘治	Hongzhi Emperor, reign name of ninth Ming emperor 朱祐樘 (1470-1505), reigned 1487-1505, temple name 明孝宗


裕仁 Yùrén	裕仁 \| 裕仁* \| *裕仁	Hirohito, personal name of the Shōwa 昭和 emperor of Japan (1901-1989), reigned 1925-1989


皇太极 Huáng Tàijí	皇太极 \| 皇太极* \| *皇太极	Hong Taiji (1592-1643), eighth son of Nurhaci 努爾哈赤｜努尔哈赤, reigned 1626-1636 as Second Khan of Later Jin dynasty 後金｜后金, then founded the Qing dynasty 大清 and reigned 1636-1643 as Emperor / posthumous name 清太宗	皇太極


腥风血雨 xīngfēngxuèyǔ	腥风血雨 \| 腥风血雨* \| *腥风血雨	lit. foul wind and bloody rain (idiom) / fig. reign of terror / carnage	腥風血雨


明治 Míngzhì	明治 \| 明治* \| *明治	Meiji, Japanese era name, corresponding to the reign (1868-1912) of the Meiji emperor


李儇 Lǐ Xuān	李儇 \| 李儇* \| *李儇	Li Xuan, personal name of nineteenth Tang emperor Xizong 僖宗 (862-888), reigned 873-888


平成 Píngchéng	平成 \| 平成* \| *平成	Heisei, Japanese era name, corresponding to the reign (1989-2019) of emperor Akihito 明仁


阖闾 Hé Lu:2	阖闾 \| 阖闾* \| *阖闾	King Helu of Wu (-496 BC, reigned 514-496 BC) / also called 闔廬｜阖庐	闔閭


光绪 Guāngxù	光绪 \| 光绪* \| *光绪	reign name of penultimate Qing emperor Guangxu or Guang-hsu (1875-1908)	光緒


崇祯 Chóngzhēn	崇祯 \| 崇祯* \| *崇祯	Chongzhen, reign name of last Ming emperor (1628-1644)	崇禎


嘉仁 Jiārén	嘉仁 \| 嘉仁* \| *嘉仁	Yoshihito, personal name of the Taishō 大正 emperor of Japan (1879-1926), reigned 1912-1926


晋惠帝 Jìn Huìdì	晋惠帝 \| 晋惠帝* \| *晋惠帝	Emperor Hui of Jin (259-307), personal name 司馬衷｜司马衷, 2nd emperor of Jin Dynasty 晉朝｜晋朝, reigned 290-307	晉惠帝


孙权 Sūn Quán	孙权 \| 孙权* \| *孙权	Sun Quan (reigned 222-252), southern warlord and king of state of Wu 吳｜吴 in the Three Kingdoms period	孫權


苻坚 Fú Jiān	苻坚 \| 苻坚* \| *苻坚	Fu Jian (338-385), emperor of Former Qin 前秦, reigning from 357-385	苻堅


刘禅 Liú Shàn	刘禅 \| 刘禅* \| *刘禅	Liu Shan (207-271), son of Liu Bei, reigned as Shu Han emperor 233-263 / Taiwan pr. [Liu2 Chan2]	劉禪


大正 Dàzhèng	大正 \| 大正* \| *大正	Taishō, Japanese era name, corresponding to the reign (1912-1926) of emperor Yoshihito 嘉仁


刘裕 Liú Yù	刘裕 \| 刘裕* \| *刘裕	Liu Yu, founder of Song of the Southern dynasties 劉宋｜刘宋, broke away from Eastern Jin in 420, reigned as Emperor Wu of Song 宋武帝	劉裕


颛顼 Zhuānxū	颛顼 \| 颛顼* \| *颛顼	Zhuanxu, one of the Five Legendary Emperors 五帝, grandson of the Yellow Emperor 黃帝｜黄帝, trad. reigned 2513-2435 BC	顓頊


明和 Mínghé	明和 \| 明和* \| *明和	Minghe, rail station in South Taiwan / Meiwa (Japanese reign name 1764-1772) / Meiwa (common name for Japanese companies or schools)


圣躬 shènggōng	圣躬 \| 圣躬* \| *圣躬	the Emperor's body / Holy body / the current reigning Emperor	聖躬


优孟 Yōu Mèng	优孟 \| 优孟* \| *优孟	You Meng, famous court jester during the reign of King Zhuang of Chu 楚莊王｜楚庄王, known for his intelligence and sharp tongue	優孟


杨坚 Yáng Jiān	杨坚 \| 杨坚* \| *杨坚	first Sui emperor Yang Jian (541-604), reigned 581-604	楊堅


赵构 Zhào Gòu	赵构 \| 赵构* \| *赵构	Zhao Gou (1107-1187), personal name of the tenth Song Emperor Gaozong 宋高宗 (reigned 1127-1162)	趙構


李哲 Lǐ Zhé	李哲 \| 李哲* \| *李哲	Li Zhe, personal name of fourth Tang Emperor Zhongzong 唐中宗 (656-710), reigned 705-710


李旦 Lǐ Dàn	李旦 \| 李旦* \| *李旦	Li Dan, personal name of sixth Tang emperor Ruizong 唐睿宗 (662-716), reigned 684-690 and 710-712


王莽 Wáng Mǎng	王莽 \| 王莽* \| *王莽	Wang Mang (45 BC-23 AD), usurped power and reigned 9-23 between the former and later Han


阖庐 Hé Lú	阖庐 \| 阖庐* \| *阖庐	King Helu of Wu (-496 BC, reigned 514-496 BC) / also called 闔閭｜阖闾	闔廬


同治 Tóngzhì	同治 \| 同治* \| *同治	reign name of Qing emperor (1861-1875)


周穆王 Zhōu Mùwáng	周穆王 \| 周穆王* \| *周穆王	King Mu, fifth king of Zhou, said to have lived to 105 and reigned 976-922 BC or 1001-947 BC, rich in associated mythology


唐高祖 Táng Gāozǔ	唐高祖 \| 唐高祖* \| *唐高祖	Emperor Gaozu of Tang, reign name of first Tang emperor Li Yuan 李淵｜李渊 (566-635), reigned 618-626


唐玄宗 Táng Xuánzōng	唐玄宗 \| 唐玄宗* \| *唐玄宗	Tang Emperor Xuanzong (685-762), also known as Emperor Ming of Tang 唐明皇, reign name of seventh Tang emperor 李隆基, reigned 712-756


李世民 Lǐ Shìmín	李世民 \| 李世民* \| *李世民	Li Shimin, personal name of second Tang emperor Taizong 唐太宗 (599-649), reigned 626-649


唐宣宗 Táng Xuānzōng	唐宣宗 \| 唐宣宗* \| *唐宣宗	Emperor Xuanzong of Tang (810-859), reign name of seventeenth Tang emperor Li Chen 李忱, reigned 846-859


李诵 Lǐ Sòng	李诵 \| 李诵* \| *李诵	Li Song, personal name of eleventh Tang emperor Shunzong 順宗｜顺宗 (761-806), reigned 805-806	李誦


足利义政 Zúlì Yìzhèng	足利义政 \| 足利义政* \| *足利义政	ASHIKAGA Yoshimasa (1435-1490), eighth Ashikaga shōgun, reigned 1449-1473	足利義政


唐太宗 Táng Tàizōng	唐太宗 \| 唐太宗* \| *唐太宗	Emperor Taizong of Tang, reign name of second Tang emperor Li Shimin 李世民 (599-649), reigned 626-649


齐湣王 Qí Mǐnwáng	齐湣王 \| 齐湣王* \| *齐湣王	King Min of Qi (reigned 323-284 BC)	齊湣王


隋文帝 Suí Wéndì	隋文帝 \| 隋文帝* \| *隋文帝	Wendi (541-604), posthumous name of the first Sui emperor, reigned 581-604


李隆基 Lǐ Lōngjī	李隆基 \| 李隆基* \| *李隆基	personal name of seventh Tang emperor Xuanzong 唐玄宗 (685-762), reigned 712-756


宋襄公 Sòng Xiānggōng	宋襄公 \| 宋襄公* \| *宋襄公	Duke Xiang of Song (reigned 650-637 BC), sometimes considered one of the Five Hegemons 春秋五霸


汉灵帝 Hàn Líng Dì	汉灵帝 \| 汉灵帝* \| *汉灵帝	Emperor Ling of Han (156-189), reigned from 168 to 189	漢靈帝


建文帝 Jiànwéndì	建文帝 \| 建文帝* \| *建文帝	reign name of second Ming emperor, reigned 1398-1402, deposed in 1402


成化 Chénghuà	成化 \| 成化* \| *成化	Chenghua, reign title of the eighth Ming emperor (reigned 1465-1487)


洪熙 Hóng Xī	洪熙 \| 洪熙* \| *洪熙	Hongxi Emperor, reign name of fourth Ming emperor Zhu Gaochi 朱高熾｜朱高炽 (1378-1425), reigned (1424-1425), temple name 明仁宗


维多利亚女王 Wéiduōlìyà Nu:3wáng	维多…女王 \| 维多…女王* \| *维多…女王	Queen Victoria (reigned 1837-1901)	維多利亞女王


三藩之乱 sānfānzhīluàn	三藩之乱 \| 三藩之乱* \| *三藩之乱	Three feudatories rebellion against Qing 1673-1681 during the reign of Kangxi	三藩之亂


周宣王 Zhōu Xuānwáng	周宣王 \| 周宣王* \| *周宣王	King Xuan, eleventh King of Zhou, reigned (828-782 BC)


唐哀帝 Táng Āidì	唐哀帝 \| 唐哀帝* \| *唐哀帝	Emperor Aidi of Tang, reign name of twenty-first and last Tang emperor Li Zhu 李祝 (892-908), reigned 904-907


晋文公 Jìn Wéngōng	晋文公 \| 晋文公* \| *晋文公	Duke Wen of Jin (697-628 BC, reigned 636-628 BC), one of the Five Hegemons 春秋五霸	晉文公


李恒 Lǐ Héng	李恒 \| 李恒* \| *李恒	Li Heng, personal name of thirteenth Tang emperor Muzong 穆宗 (795-824), reigned 821-825	李恆


李晔 Lǐ Yè	李晔 \| 李晔* \| *李晔	Li Ye, personal name of twentieth Tang emperor Zhaozong 昭宗 (867-904), reigned 888-904	李曄


李渊 Lǐ Yuān	李渊 \| 李渊* \| *李渊	Li Yuan, personal name of first Tang emperor Gaozu 唐高祖 (566-635), reigned 618-626	李淵


李纯 Lǐ Chún	李纯 \| 李纯* \| *李纯	Li Chun, personal name of twelfth Tang emperor Xianzong 憲宗｜宪宗 (778-820), reigned 805-820	李純


顾客至上 gùkèzhìshàng	顾客至上 \| 顾客至上* \| *顾客至上	the customer reigns supreme (idiom)	顧客至上


汉高祖 Hàn Gāozǔ	汉高祖 \| 汉高祖* \| *汉高祖	posthumous name of the first Han emperor Liu Bang 劉邦｜刘邦 (256 or 247-195 BC), reigned 202-195 BC	漢高祖


罗伯斯庇尔 Luóbósībì'ěr	罗伯斯庇尔 \| 罗伯斯庇尔* \| *罗伯斯庇尔	Robespierre (name) / Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre (1758-1794), French revolutionary leader, enthusiastic advocate of reign of terror 1791-1794	羅伯斯庇爾

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