| | again; once more; re- / second; another / then (after sth, and not until then) / no matter how ... (followed by an adjective or verb, and then (usually) 也 or 都 for emphasis) | HSK 1 |
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| | front / forward / ahead / first / top (followed by a number) / future / ago / before / BC (e.g. 前293 年) / former / formerly | HSK 1 |
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| | one / single / a (article) / as soon as / entire; whole; all; throughout / "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) / also pr. [yao1] for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit | HSK 1 |
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| | (pronoun) this; these / (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) / (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. [zhei4], esp. in Beijing) | HSK 1 |
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|
| | (after a suppositional clause) in that case; then / (after a clause of action) as soon as; immediately after / (same as 就是) merely; nothing else but; simply; just; precisely; exactly / only; as little as / as much as; as many as / to approach; to move towards / to undertake; to engage in / (often followed by 著|着) taking advantage of / (of food) to go with / with regard to; concerning / (pattern: 就 ... 也 ...) even if ... still ... / (pattern: 不 ... 就 ...) if not ... then must be ... | HSK 1 |
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| | from; through; via / (bound form) to follow / (bound form) to obey / (bound form) to engage in (an activity) / (used before a negative) ever / (bound form) (Taiwan pr. [zong4]) retainer; attendant / (bound form) (Taiwan pr. [zong4]) assistant; auxiliary; subordinate / (bound form) (Taiwan pr. [zong4]) related by common paternal grandfather or earlier ancestor | HSK 1 |
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| | to compare / (followed by a noun and adjective) more {adj.} than {noun} / ratio / to gesture / (Taiwan pr. [bi4] in some compounds derived from Classical Chinese) | HSK 1 |
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| | to be (followed by substantives only) / correct; right; true / (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well / (adverb for emphatic assertion) | HSK 1 |
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| | to wait for; to await / by the time; when; till / and so on; etc.; et al. / (bound form) class; rank; grade / (bound form) equal to; same as / (used to end an enumeration) / (literary) (plural suffix attached to a personal pronoun or noun) | HSK 1 |
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| | to shout / to call / to order / to ask / to be called / by (indicates agent in the passive mood) | HSK 1 |
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| | at once / right away / immediately / on horseback (i.e. by military force) | HSK 1 |
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| | zero / nought / zero sign / fractional / fragmentary / odd (of numbers) / (placed between two numbers to indicate a smaller quantity followed by a larger one) / fraction / (in mathematics) remainder (after division) / extra / to wither and fall / to wither | HSK 1 |
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| | far / distant / remote / (intensifier in a comparison) by far / much (lower etc) | HSK 1 |
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| | (of a pupil) to write down (in a dictation exercise); dictation / (music) to transcribe by ear | HSK 1 |
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| | to remember / to bear in mind / to learn by heart | HSK 1 |
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| | point / dot / drop / speck / o'clock / point (in space or time) / to draw a dot / to check on a list / to choose / to order (food in a restaurant) / to touch briefly / to hint / to light / to ignite / to pour a liquid drop by drop / (old) one fifth of a two-hour watch 更 / dot stroke in Chinese characters / classifier for items | HSK 1 |
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| | to pass through; to get through / to adopt (a resolution); to pass (legislation) / to pass (a test) / by means of; through; via | HSK 2 |
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| | to yield / to permit / to let sb do sth / to have sb do sth / to make sb (feel sad etc) / by (indicates the agent in a passive clause, like 被) | HSK 2 |
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|
| | to borrow / (used in combination with 給|给 or 出 etc) to lend / to make use of; to avail oneself of / (sometimes followed by 著|着) by; with | HSK 2 |
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| | the back of a body or object / to turn one's back / to hide something from / to learn by heart / to recite from memory / unlucky (slang) / hard of hearing | HSK 2 |
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|
| | to lean against or on / to stand by the side of / to come near to / to depend on / to trust / to fuck (vulgar) / traditional military costume drama where the performers wear armor (old) | HSK 2 |
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| | to walk past / to pass by | HSK 2 |
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| | enough (sufficient) / enough (too much) / (coll.) (before adj.) really / (coll.) to reach by stretching out | HSK 2 |
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| | pedestrian / traveler on foot / passer-by / official responsible for arranging audiences with the emperor | HSK 2 |
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| | to wait until / by the time when (sth is ready etc) | HSK 2 |
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| | just (in time) / just right / just enough / to happen to / to chance to / by chance / it just so happens that | HSK 2 |
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|
| | to follow / from / because of; due to / by; via; through / (before a noun and a verb) it is for ... to ... | HSK 3 |
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| | as (in the capacity of) / to take sth as / to act as / to serve as / to behave as / to become / to be / to do / by (in the passive voice) | HSK 3 |
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| | to correspond (by letter etc) / to communicate / communication | HSK 3 |
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|
| | quilt / to cover (with) / (literary) to suffer (a misfortune) / used to indicate passive voice (placed before the doer of the action like "by" in English passive-voice sentences, or, if the doer is not mentioned, before the verb) / (since c. 2009) (sarcastic or jocular) used to indicate that the following word should be regarded as being in air quotes (as in 被旅遊|被旅游 to "go on a trip", for example) | HSK 3 |
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|
| | to be in favor of / to support / to back / support / backing / to stand by / CL: 個|个 | HSK 3 |
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| | ten million / countless / many / one must by all means | HSK 3 |
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|
| | to overtake; to catch up with / to hurry; to rush / to try to catch (the bus etc) / to drive (cattle etc) forward; to drive (sb) away / to avail oneself of (an opportunity) / until; by (a certain time) | HSK 3 |
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|
| | row / line / commercial firm / line of business / profession / to rank (first, second etc) among one's siblings (by age) / (in data tables) row / (Tw) column | HSK 3 |
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| | specific topic (addressed by a book, lecture, TV program etc) / article, report or program etc on a specific topic | HSK 3 |
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|
| | to bloom / to open / to be open (to the public) / to open up (to the outside) / to be open-minded / unrestrained by convention / unconstrained in one's sexuality | HSK 3 |
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| | local / regional / district (not necessarily formal administrative unit) / region / area / as suffix to city name, means prefecture or county (area administered by a prefecture-level city or, county-level city) / CL: 個|个 | HSK 3 |
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|
| | imperial or royal court / government / dynasty / reign of a sovereign or emperor / court or assembly held by a sovereign or emperor / to make a pilgrimage to / facing / towards | HSK 3 |
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| | to quarrel / to make a noise / noisy / to disturb by making a noise | HSK 3 |
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|
| | to encircle / to surround / all around / to wear by wrapping around (scarf, shawl) | HSK 3 |
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| | cigarette or pipe tobacco / CL: 根 / smoke / mist / vapour / CL: 縷|缕 / tobacco plant / (of the eyes) to be irritated by smoke | HSK 3 |
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|
| | to return / to go back to / to give back to / (of a responsibility) to be taken care of by / to belong to / to gather together / (used between two identical verbs) despite / to marry (of a woman) (old) / division on the abacus with a one-digit divisor | HSK 4 |
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|
| | every / various / separately, one by one | HSK 4 |
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|
| | government / official (approved or issued by an authority) | HSK 4 |
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|
| | to touch / to come in contact with / to feel / to be affected by / to catch fire / to burn / (coll.) to fall asleep / (after a verb) hitting the mark / succeeding in | HSK 4 |
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|
| | brothers / younger brother / CL: 個|个 / I, me (humble term used by men in public speech) / brotherly / fraternal | HSK 4 |
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|
| | to bestow (a reward) / to give (to an inferior) / to hand down / a reward (bestowed by a superior) / to appreciate (beauty) | HSK 4 |
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|
| | to dodge / to duck out of the way / to beat it / shaken (by a fall) / to sprain / to pull a muscle / lightning / spark / a flash / to flash (across one's mind) / to leave behind / (Internet slang) (of a display of affection) "dazzlingly" saccharine | HSK 4 |
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|
| | progressively / step by step | HSK 4 |
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|
| | one after another / in succession / one by one / continuously / diverse / in profusion / numerous and confused / pell-mell | HSK 4 |
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|
| | alone / by oneself / on one's own | HSK 4 |
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|
| | roll call / to mention sb by name / (to call or praise or criticize sb) by name | HSK 4 |
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|
| | to guard / to defend / to keep watch / to abide by the law / to observe (rules or ritual) / nearby / adjoining | HSK 4 |
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|
| | valuable / precious / to value / to treasure / to set store by | HSK 4 |
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|
| | fat / fertile / loose-fitting or large / to fertilize / to become rich by illegal means / fertilizer / manure | HSK 4 |
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|
| | fruit (produced by a plant) / (fig.) fruits (of success etc) / results / gains | HSK 4 |
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|
| | to handle; to deal with; to tackle / to get by with; to make do / (dialect) (usu. used in the negative) to get along with (sb) | HSK 4 |
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|
| | just in case / if by any chance / contingency | HSK 4 |
|
|
| | maternal aunt / step-mother / childcare worker / nursemaid / woman of similar age to one's parents (term of address used by child) / CL: 個|个 | HSK 4 |
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|
| | in turn / successively / one after the other / bit by bit | HSK 4 |
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|
| | Weixin or WeChat (mobile text and voice messaging service developed by Tencent 騰訊|腾讯) | HSK 4 |
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|
| | to rest with; to lie in; to be due to (a certain attribute) / (of a matter) to be determined by; to be up to (sb) | HSK 4 |
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|
| | patent / sth uniquely enjoyed (or possessed etc) by a certain group of people / monopoly | HSK 5 |
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|
| | incidentally / occasional / occasionally / by chance / randomly | HSK 5 |
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|
| | to use anywhere, anytime (card, ticket etc) / to be used by everyone (language, textbook etc) / (of two or more things) interchangeable | HSK 5 |
|
|
| | to leak / to divulge / to leave out by mistake / waterclock or hourglass (old) | HSK 5 |
|
|
| | to wind / to coil (thread) / to rotate around / to spiral / to move around / to go round (an obstacle) / to by-pass / to make a detour / to confuse / to perplex | HSK 5 |
|
|
| | to pull up / to pull out / to draw out by suction / to select / to pick / to stand out (above level) / to surpass / to seize | HSK 5 |
|
|
| | to comply with; to abide by; to respect (an agreement) | HSK 5 |
|
|
| | to support with the hand / to help sb up / to support oneself by holding onto something / to help | HSK 5 |
|
|
| | (to be done) by (a certain date) / lasting (a certain time) | HSK 5 |
|
|
| | to turn round; to turn one's head / later; by and by | HSK 5 |
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|
| | seldom / rare / hard to come by | HSK 5 |
|
|
| | variant of 繞|绕, to rotate around / to spiral / to move around / to go round (an obstacle) / to by-pass / to make a detour | HSK 5 |
|
|
| | disaster-stricken / to be hit by a natural calamity | HSK 5 |
|
|
| | to knock against / to bump into / to run into / to meet by accident | HSK 5 |
|
|
| | to cheat / to swindle / to deceive / to get on (a horse etc) by swinging one leg over | HSK 5 |
|
|
| | scene / tableau / picture / image / screen (displayed by a computer) / (motion picture) frame / field of view | HSK 5 |
|
|
| | to go up by one grade; to be promoted / to escalate (in intensity) / (computing) to upgrade | HSK 6 |
|
|
| | race / nationality / ethnicity / clan / by extension, social group (e.g. office workers 上班族) | HSK 6 |
|
|
| | (of time or place) in; at; on / (indicating any indirect relation) to; toward; vis-à-vis; with regard to; for / (indicating a source) from; out of / (used in comparison) than / (used in the passive voice) by | HSK 6 |
|
|
| | taken in (by sb's deceit) / to be fooled / to be duped | HSK 6 |
|
|
| | to cut short / extinct / to disappear / to vanish / absolutely / by no means | HSK 6 |
|
|
| | as it turns out / by lucky coincidence / (of number, time, size etc) just right | HSK 6 |
|
|
| | distant / by far | HSK 6 |
|
|
| | to determine (by measuring or surveying) | HSK 6 |
|
|
| | to pass by or through | HSK 6 |
|
|
| | clothes / dress / garment / to serve (in the military, a prison sentence etc) / to obey / to be convinced (by an argument) / to convince / to admire / to acclimatize / to take (medicine) / mourning clothes / to wear mourning clothes | HSK 6 |
|
|
| | solely engrossed in one thing / just (one thing, no need to worry about the rest) / simply / by all means / please feel free / do not hesitate (to ask for sth) | HSK 6 |
|
|
| | to cross over (by ferry) / transition / interim / caretaker (administration) | HSK 6 |
|
|
| | to destroy by fire | HSK 6 |
|
|
| | to discuss / to comment / to criticize / to judge / to choose (by public appraisal) | HSK 6 |
|
|
| | up to (a time) / by (a time) | HSK 6 |
|
|
| | to dive (into water) / (sports) diving / to commit suicide by jumping into water / (fig.) (of stock prices etc) to fall dramatically | HSK 6 |
|
|
| | to draw on (others' experience) / to learn from (how others do things) / lesson to be learned (by observing others) | HSK 6 |
|
|
| | to use / by means of / according to / in order to / because of / at (a certain date or place) | HSK 7-9 |
|
|
| | namely / that is / i.e. / prompt / at once / at present / even if / prompted (by the occasion) / to approach / to come into contact / to assume (office) / to draw near | HSK 7-9 |
|
|
| | to join things together by fixing them in place at one or more points / to nail / to pin / to staple / to sew on | HSK 7-9 |
|
|
| | a skill / mastery of a trade / by oneself / without outside help | HSK 7-9 |
|
|
| | day by day / more and more / increasingly / more and more with each passing day | HSK 7-9 |
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