the five treaty ports forced on Qing China by the 1842 treaty of Nanjing 南京條約｜南京条约 that concluded the First Opium War, namely: Guangzhou 廣州｜广州, Fuzhou 福州, Ningbo 寧波｜宁波, Xiamen or Amoy 廈門｜厦门 and Shanghai 上海

five / 5

mouth / classifier for things with mouths (people, domestic animals, cannons, wells etc) / classifier for bites or mouthfuls

to go through / to know well / (suffix) expert / to connect / to communicate / open / to clear / classifier for letters, telegrams, phone calls etc

classifier for an activity, taken in its entirety (tirade of abuse, stint of music playing, bout of drinking etc)

(of nations) to have trade relations; to engage in trade

Shang Dynasty (c. 1600-1046 BC) / surname Shang

commerce / merchant / dealer / to consult / 2nd note in pentatonic scale / quotient (as in 智商, intelligence quotient)