| | front / forward / ahead / first / top (followed by a number) / future / ago / before / BC (e.g. 前293 年) / former / formerly | HSK 1 |
|
|
| | Confucian school, founded by Confucius 孔子 (551-479 BC) and Mencius 孟子 (c. 372-c. 289 BC) | HSK 7-9 |
|
|
| | a powerful chief of the princes of the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC) / overlord / hegemon | |
|
|
| | Shang Dynasty (c. 1600-1046 BC) / surname Shang | |
|
|
| | the Xia or Hsia dynasty c. 2000 BC / Xia of the Sixteen Kingdoms (407-432) / surname Xia | |
|
|
| | Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) / surname Ming / Ming (c. 2000 BC), fourth of the legendary Flame Emperors, 炎帝 descended from Shennong 神農｜神农 Farmer God | |
|
|
| | surname Zhi / Zhi (c. 2000 BC), fifth of the legendary Flame Emperors 炎帝 descended from Shennong 神農｜神农 Farmer God | |
|
|
| | Confucius (551-479 BC), Chinese thinker and social philosopher, also known as 孔夫子 | |
|
|
| | surname Cheng / Cheng (c. 2000 BC), third of the legendary Flame Emperors 炎帝 descended from Shennong 神農｜神农 Farmer God | |
|
|
| | surname Wei / vassal state during the Zhou Dynasty (1066-221 BC), located in present-day Henan and Hebei Provinces | |
|
|
| | surname Xue / vassal state during the Zhou Dynasty (1046-256 BC) | |
|
|
| | surname Ji / family name of the royal family of the Zhou Dynasty 周代 (1046-256 BC) | |
|
|
| | School of Logicians of the Warring States Period (475-220 BC), also called the School of Names | |
|
|
| | surname Zhou / Zhou Dynasty (1046-256 BC) | |
|
|
| | surname Ruan / small state during the Shang Dynasty (1600-1046 BC) located in the southeast of present-day Gansu Province | |
|
|
| | Chinese language (Mandarin), emphasizing its national nature / Chinese as a primary or secondary school subject / Chinese in the context of the Nationalist Government / Guoyu, book of historical narrative c. 10th-5th century BC | |
|
|
| | the Warring States period (475-221 BC) | |
|
|
| | Laozi or Lao-tze (c. 500 BC), Chinese philosopher, the founder of Taoism / the sacred book of Daoism, 道德經｜道德经 by Laozi | |
|
|
| | Zhou Dynasty / Western Zhou 西周 (1046-771 BC) and Eastern Zhou 東周｜东周 (770-221 BC) | |
|
|
| | Qi son of Yu the Great 禹, reported founder of the Xia Dynasty 夏朝 (c. 2070-c. 1600 BC) | |
|
|
| | lit. secretly crossing the Wei River 渭河 at Chencang (idiom, refers to a stratagem used by Liu Bang 劉邦｜刘邦 in 206 BC against Xiang Yu 項羽｜项羽 of Chu) / fig. to feign one thing while doing another / to cheat under cover of a diversion | |
|
|
| | surname Chen / Chen (c. 1045 - 479 BC), a Zhou dynasty state / Chen (557-589), one of the Southern Dynasties 南朝 | |
|
|
| | the Legalist school of political philosophy, which rose to prominence in the Warring States period (475-221 BC) (The Legalists believed that social harmony could only be attained through strong state control, and advocated for a system of rigidly applied punishments and rewards for specific behaviors.) / a Legalist | |
|
|
| | Emperor Wu of the Han dynasty (141-87 BC) | |
|
|
| | the Spring and Autumn (770-476 BC) and Warring States (475-221 BC) periods | |
|
|
| | surname Qin / Qin dynasty (221-207 BC) of the first emperor 秦始皇 / short name for 陝西｜陕西 | |
|
|
| | Liu Bang (256 or 247-195 BC), bandit leader who became first Han emperor Han Gaozu 漢高祖｜汉高祖 (reigned 202-195 BC) | |
|
|
| | capital of the Jin State during the Spring and Autumn Period (770-475 BC) | |
|
|
| | Qi state of Western Zhou and the Warring states (1122-265 BC), centered in Shandong | |
|
|
| | Beijing resident / Peking ape-man, Homo erectus pekinensis (c. 600,000 BC), discovered in 1921 at Zhoukoudian 周口店, Beijing | |
|
|
| | Sun Tzu, also known as Sun Wu 孫武｜孙武 (c. 500 BC, dates of birth and death uncertain), general, strategist and philosopher of the Spring and Autumn Period (700-475 BC), believed to be the author of the “Art of War” 孫子兵法｜孙子兵法, one of the Seven Military Classics of ancient China 武經七書｜武经七书 | |
|
|
| | a hundred schools of thought contend (idiom); refers to the classical philosophic schools of the Warring States period 475-221 BC | |
|
|
| | Li (c. 2000 BC), sixth of the legendary Flame Emperors 炎帝 descended from Shennong 神農｜神农 Farmer God, also known as Ai 哀 | |
|
|
| | Han ethnic group / Chinese (language) / the Han dynasty (206 BC-220 AD) | |
|
|
| | Hongmen feast / (fig.) banquet set up with the aim of murdering a guest / refers to a famous episode in 206 BC when future Han emperor Liu Bang 劉邦｜刘邦 escaped attempted murder by his rival Xiang Yu 項羽｜项羽 | |
|
|
| | Mozi (c. 470-391 BC), founder of the Mohist School 墨家 of the Warring States Period (475-220 BC) | |
|
|
| | to play the xiao 簫｜箫 (mouth organ) / to beg while playing pipes; cf politician Wu Zixu 伍子胥, c. 520 BC destitute refugee in Wu town, 吳市吹簫｜吴市吹箫 / to busk / virtuoso piper wins a beauty, cf 玉人吹簫｜玉人吹箫 / (slang) fellatio / blowjob | |
|
|
| | the state of Qin, one of the seven states of the Warring States Period (475-220 BC) | |
|
|
| | Zeng Shen (505-435 BC), a.k.a. 曾子, student of Confucius, presumed editor or author of Confucian classic the Great Learning 大學｜大学 | |
|
|
| | fifth year E5 of the 60 year cycle, e.g. 1988 or 2048 | |
|
|
| | Shennong or Farmer God (c. 2000 BC), first of the legendary Flame Emperors, 炎帝 and creator of agriculture | |
|
|
| | King Wu of Zhou (-1043), personal name Ji Fa 姬發｜姬发, reigned 1046-1043 BC as first king of Western Zhou dynasty 1046-1043 BC | |
|
|
| | Fuxi, legendary Chinese emperor, trad. 2852-2738 BC, mythical creator of fishing, trapping and writing | |
|
|
| | Ke (c. 2000 BC), seventh of the legendary Flame Emperors, 炎帝 descended from Shennong 神農｜神农 Farmer God | |
|
|
| | Silla, Korean kingdom 57 BC-935 AD / one of the Korean Three Kingdoms from 1st century AD, defeating its rivals Paikche 百濟｜百济 and Koguryo 高句麗｜高句丽 around 660 in alliance with Tang China / unified Silla 658-935 | |
|
|
| | the Hundred Schools of Thought, the various schools of thought and their exponents during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods (770-220 BC) | |
|
|
| | surname Zhao / one of the seven states during the Warring States period (476-220 BC) / the Former Zhao 前趙｜前赵 (304-329) and Later Zhao 後趙｜后赵 (319-350), states of the Sixteen Kingdoms | |
|
|
| | thirty-second year B8 of the 60 year cycle, e.g. 1955 or 2015 | |
|
|
| | Jiang Ziya (c. 1100 BC, dates of birth and death unknown), partly mythical sage advisor to King Wen of Zhou 周文王 and purported author of “Six Secret Strategic Teachings” 六韜｜六韬, one of the Seven Military Classics of ancient China 武經七書｜武经七书 | |
|
|
| | Duke Huan of Qi (reigned 685-643 BC), one of the Five Hegemons 春秋五霸 | |
|
|
| | Qin Shihuang (259-210 BC), the first emperor | |
|
|
| | surname Di / generic name for northern ethnic minorities during the Qin and Han Dynasties (221 BC-220 AD) | |
|
|
| | a hundred flowers bloom, a hundred schools of thought contend (idiom); refers to the classical philosophic schools of the Warring States period 475-221 BC, but adopted for Mao's campaign of 1956 | |
|
|
| | posthumous name of the first Han emperor Liu Bang 劉邦｜刘邦 (256 or 247-195 BC), reigned 202-195 BC | |
|
|
| | Bamboo Annals, early chronicle of Chinese ancient history, written c. 300 BC | |
|
|
| | state of Wei (c. 1040-209 BC), vassal of Zhou | |
|
|
| | Ying Zheng (260-210 BC), personal name of the first emperor 秦始皇 | |
|
|
| | Virgil or Vergilius (70-19 BC), Roman poet and author of the Aeneid 埃涅阿斯紀｜埃涅阿斯纪 | |
|
|
| | the Yellow Emperor, mythological emperor of China, reigned c. 2697-2597 BC | |
|
|
| | surname Yao / Yao or Tang Yao (c. 2200 BC), one of the Five legendary Emperors 五帝, second son of Di Ku 帝嚳｜帝喾 | |
|
|
| | Duke Mu of Qin, the first substantial king of Qin (ruled 659-621 BC), sometimes considered one of the Five Hegemons 春秋五霸 | |
|
|
| | King Mu, fifth king of Zhou, said to have lived to 105 and reigned 976-922 BC or 1001-947 BC, rich in associated mythology | |
|
|
| | lit. warp and weft in weaving; vertically and horizontal / length and breadth / criss-crossed / able to move unhindered / abbr. for 合縱連橫｜合纵连横, School of Diplomacy during the Warring States Period (475-221 BC) | |
|
|
| | Goguryeo (37 BC-668 AD), one of the Korean Three Kingdoms | |
|
|
| | Zhuangzi (369-286 BC), Daoist author | |
|
|
| | "Erya" or "The Ready Guide", first extant Chinese dictionary, c. 3rd century BC, with glossaries on classical texts | |
|
|
| | Daoist School of the Warring States Period (475-221 BC), based on the teachings of Laozi or Lao-tze 老子 (c. 500 BC-) and Zhuangzi 莊子｜庄子 (369-286 BC) | |
|
|
| | The Yellow Emperor's Internal Canon, medical text c. 300 BC | |
|
|
| | Marcus Tullius Cicero (106-43 BC), famous Roman politician, orator and philosopher, murdered at the orders of Marc Anthony | |
|
|
| | Khufu (pharaoh, reigned possibly 2590-2568 BC) | |
|
|
| | surname Zou / vassal state during the Zhou Dynasty (1046-256 BC) in the southeast of Shandong | |
|
|
| | Yu the Great (c. 21st century BC), mythical leader who tamed the floods / surname Yu | |
|
|
| | the Grand Canal, 1800 km from Beijing to Hangzhou, built starting from 486 BC | |
|
|
| | Roman Empire (27 BC-476 AD) | |
|
|
| | Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC) / Spring and Autumn Annals, chronicle of Lu State (722-481 BC) | |
|
|
| | Mencius (c. 372-c. 289 BC), Confucian philosopher second only to Confucius / book of the same name, one of the classics of Confucianism | |
|
|
| | Plato (c. 427-c. 347 BC), Greek philosopher | |
|
|
| | Book of Music, said to be one of the Six Classics lost after Qin's burning of the books in 212 BC, but may simply refer to Book of Songs 詩經｜诗经 | |
|
|
| | Eastern Zhou (770-221 BC) | |
|
|
| | Emperor Xuan (91-48 BC) of the Former Han Dynasty, reigned 74-48 BC | |
|
|
| | Miscellaneous School of the Warring States Period (475-221 BC) whose leading advocate was Lü Buwei 呂不韋｜吕不韦 | |
|
|
| | Shang Tang (1646-? BC), legendary founder of the Shang Dynasty | |
|
|
| | the Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn period (770-476 BC), namely: Duke Huan of Qi 齊桓公｜齐桓公, Duke Wen of Jin 晉文公｜晋文公, King Zhuang of Chu 楚莊王｜楚庄王, and alternatively Duke Xiang of Song 宋襄公 and Duke Mu of Qin 秦穆公 or King Helu of Wu 吳王闔閭｜吴王阖闾 and King Gou Jian of Yue 越王勾踐｜越王勾践 | |
|
|
| | the Han dynasty (206 BC-220 AD) | |
|
|
| | Aesop (trad. 620-560 BC), Greek slave and storyteller, supposed author of Aesop's fables | |
|
|
| | Ai (c. 2000 BC), sixth of legendary Flame Emperors 炎帝 descended from Shennong 神農｜神农 Farmer God, also known as Li 釐｜厘 | |
|
|
| | School of Agriculture, school of thought of the Warring States Period (475-221 BC) | |
|
|
| | Classic of Mountain and Sea, probably compiled c. 500 BC-200 BC, contains wide range of geography, mythology, witchcraft, popular customs etc | |
|
|
| | Titus Livius or Livy (59 BC-17 AD), Roman historian | |
|
|
| | Fuxi or Fu Hsi, legendary Chinese emperor 2852-2738 BC, mythical creator of fishing, trapping, and writing | |
|
|
| | Fan Li (536-488 BC), politician of Yue state, businessman and economist | |
|
|
| | another name for Han Fei 韓非｜韩非, Legalist philosopher (c. 280-233 BC) / Han Feizi, book of Legalist Philosophy authored by Han Fei 韓非｜韩非 during the Warring States Period (475-220 BC) | |
|
|
| | Liu An (179-122 BC), King of Huainan under the Western Han, ordered the writing of the 淮南子 | |
|
|
| | Shun (c. 23rd century BC), mythical sage and leader | |
|
|
| | Pang Juan (-342 BC), military leader and political strategist of the School of Diplomacy 縱橫家｜纵横家 during the Warring States Period (425-221 BC) | |
|
|
| | white pottery (of Shang Dynastry 16-11th century BC) | |
|
|
| | Prince Dan of Yan (-226 BC), commissioned the attempted assassination of King Ying Zheng of Qin 秦嬴政 (later the First Emperor 秦始皇) by Jing Ke 荊軻｜荆轲 in 227 BC | |
|
|
| | Western Han Dynasty (206 BC-8 AD), also called 前漢｜前汉, Former Han Dynasty | |
|
|
| | Sima Tan (-110 BC), Han dynasty scholar and historian, and father of 司馬遷｜司马迁 | |
|
|
| | the three legendary sovereigns of the third millennium BC: Suiren 燧人, Fuxi 伏羲 and Shennong 神農｜神农, or 天皇, 地皇 and 人皇 | |
|
icon in the rows of the search results to open the action menu, offering extra more information about the result
Show Legend link below explains the icons used in the action menu
Display Settings link below allows you to adjust the presentation of the search results
