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Simplified Pīnyīn		English Definition	Traditional HSK
虽然 suīrán	虽然 \| 虽然* \| *虽然	although; even though (often used correlatively with 可是 or 但是 etc)	雖然 HSK 2


当然 dāngrán	当然 \| 当然* \| *当然	only natural / as it should be / certainly / of course / without doubt	當然 HSK 3


突然 tūrán	突然 \| 突然* \| *突然	sudden; abrupt; unexpected	HSK 3


竟然 jìngrán	竟然 \| 竟然* \| *竟然	unexpectedly / to one's surprise / in spite of everything / in that crazy way / actually / to go as far as to	HSK 4


仍然 réngrán	仍然 \| 仍然* \| *仍然	still; as before; yet	HSK 4


自然 zìrán	自然 \| 自然* \| *自然	nature / natural / naturally	HSK 4


既然 jìrán	既然 \| 既然* \| *既然	since / as / this being the case	HSK 4


居然 jūrán	居然 \| 居然* \| *居然	unexpectedly / to one's surprise / go so far as to	HSK 5


偶然 ǒurán	偶然 \| 偶然* \| *偶然	incidentally / occasional / occasionally / by chance / randomly	HSK 5


依然 yīrán	依然 \| 依然* \| *依然	still / as before	HSK 5


不然 bùrán	不然 \| 不然* \| *不然	not so / no / or else / otherwise / if not / How about ...?	HSK 5


果然 guǒrán	果然 \| 果然* \| *果然	really / sure enough / as expected / if indeed	HSK 5


显然 xiǎnrán	显然 \| 显然* \| *显然	clearly; evidently; obviously	顯然 HSK 5


忽然 hūrán	忽然 \| 忽然* \| *忽然	suddenly; all of a sudden	HSK 5


必然 bìrán	必然 \| 必然* \| *必然	inevitable / certain / necessity	HSK 5


固然 gùrán	固然 \| 固然* \| *固然	admittedly (it's true that...)	HSK 6


公然 gōngrán	公然 \| 公然* \| *公然	openly / publicly / undisguised	HSK 6


茫然 mángrán	茫然 \| 茫然* \| *茫然	blankly / vacantly / at a loss	HSK 6


毅然 yìrán	毅然 \| 毅然* \| *毅然	firmly / resolutely / without hesitation	HSK 6


然 rán	然 \| 然* \| *然	correct / right / so / thus / like this / -ly


天然 tiānrán	天然 \| 天然* \| *天然	natural


断然 duànrán	断然 \| 断然* \| *断然	resolute / definitive / categorically / absolutely	斷然


漠然 mòrán	漠然 \| 漠然* \| *漠然	indifferent / apathetic / cold


悠然 yōurán	悠然 \| 悠然* \| *悠然	unhurried / leisurely


安然 ānrán	安然 \| 安然* \| *安然	calmly / without qualms / free from worry / safe and sound


愕然 èrán	愕然 \| 愕然* \| *愕然	stunned / amazed


怡然 yírán	怡然 \| 怡然* \| *怡然	happy / joyful


要不然 yàobùrán	要不然 \| 要不然* \| *要不然	otherwise / or else / or


浑然 húnrán	浑然 \| 浑然* \| *浑然	completely / absolutely / undivided / totally mixed up / muddled	渾然


豁然 huòrán	豁然 \| 豁然* \| *豁然	wide and open / a flash of understanding


欣然 xīnrán	欣然 \| 欣然* \| *欣然	gladly / cheerfully


赫然 hèrán	赫然 \| 赫然* \| *赫然	with astonishment / with a shock / awe-inspiringly / impressively / furiously (angry)


果不其然 guǒbùqírán	果不其然 \| 果不其然* \| *果不其然	just as expected / told you so


陡然 dǒurán	陡然 \| 陡然* \| *陡然	suddenly / unexpectedly / abruptly / precipitously / stumbling


了然 liǎorán	了然 \| 了然* \| *了然	to understand clearly; evident


了然 liǎorán	了然 \| 了然* \| *了然	to understand clearly / evident	瞭然


悄然 qiǎorán	悄然 \| 悄然* \| *悄然	quietly / sorrowfully


淡然 dànrán	淡然 \| 淡然* \| *淡然	tranquil and calm / indifferent


一目了然 yīmùliǎorán	一目了然 \| 一目了然* \| *一目了然	obvious at a glance (idiom)


一目了然 yīmùliǎorán	一目了然 \| 一目了然* \| *一目了然	obvious at a glance (idiom)	一目瞭然


释然 shìrán	释然 \| 释然* \| *释然	relieved / at ease / feel relieved	釋然


黯然 ànrán	黯然 \| 黯然* \| *黯然	dim / sad


自然而然 zìrán'érrán	自然而然 \| 自然而然* \| *自然而然	involuntary / automatically


浩然 Hào Rán	浩然 \| 浩然* \| *浩然	Hao Ran (1932-2008), journalist and proletarian novelist


浩然 hàorán	浩然 \| 浩然* \| *浩然	vast / expansive / overwhelming


坦然 tǎnrán	坦然 \| 坦然* \| *坦然	calm / undisturbed


纵然 zòngrán	纵然 \| 纵然* \| *纵然	even if / even though	縱然


骇然 hàirán	骇然 \| 骇然* \| *骇然	overwhelmed with shock, horror or amazement / dumbstruck / aghast	駭然


默然 mòrán	默然 \| 默然* \| *默然	silent / speechless


理所当然 lǐsuǒdāngrán	理所当然 \| 理所当然* \| *理所当然	as it should be by rights (idiom); proper and to be expected as a matter of course / inevitable and right	理所當然


骤然 zhòurán	骤然 \| 骤然* \| *骤然	suddenly / abruptly	驟然


定然 dìngrán	定然 \| 定然* \| *定然	certainly / of course


超然 chāorán	超然 \| 超然* \| *超然	aloof; detached; disinterested; impartial


恍然 huǎngrán	恍然 \| 恍然* \| *恍然	suddenly (understand sth) / in a flash


使然 shǐrán	使然 \| 使然* \| *使然	(literary) to make it so / to dictate


判然 pànrán	判然 \| 判然* \| *判然	markedly / clearly


森然 sēnrán	森然 \| 森然* \| *森然	(of tall trees) dense, thick / awe-inspiring


不以为然 bùyǐwéirán	不以为然 \| 不以为然* \| *不以为然	not to accept as correct (idiom); to object / to disapprove / to take exception to	不以為然


索然 suǒrán	索然 \| 索然* \| *索然	dull / dry


贸然 màorán	贸然 \| 贸然* \| *贸然	rashly / hastily / without careful consideration	貿然


怦然 pēngrán	怦然 \| 怦然* \| *怦然	with a sudden shock, bang etc


哗然 huárán	哗然 \| 哗然* \| *哗然	in uproar / commotion / causing a storm of protest / tumultuous	嘩然


俨然 yǎnrán	俨然 \| 俨然* \| *俨然	just like / solemn / dignified / neatly laid out	儼然


毛骨悚然 máogǔsǒngrán	毛骨悚然 \| 毛骨悚然* \| *毛骨悚然	to have one's hair stand on end (idiom) / to feel one's blood run cold


飘然 piāorán	飘然 \| 飘然* \| *飘然	to float in the air / swiftly / nimbly / easy and relaxed	飄然


孜然 zīrán	孜然 \| 孜然* \| *孜然	cumin (Cuminum cyminum)


诚然 chéngrán	诚然 \| 诚然* \| *诚然	indeed / true! (I agree with you)	誠然


粲然 cànrán	粲然 \| 粲然* \| *粲然	clear and bright / with a big smile


毅然决然 yìránjuérán	毅然决然 \| 毅然决然* \| *毅然决然	without hesitation / resolutely / firmly	毅然決然


悍然 hànrán	悍然 \| 悍然* \| *悍然	outrageous / brazen / flagrant


泰然 tàirán	泰然 \| 泰然* \| *泰然	calm / self-composed


肃然 sùrán	肃然 \| 肃然* \| *肃然	respectful / solemn / awed	肅然


倏然 shūrán	倏然 \| 倏然* \| *倏然	(literary) suddenly


木然 mùrán	木然 \| 木然* \| *木然	stupefied


颓然 tuírán	颓然 \| 颓然* \| *颓然	decrepit / ruined / disappointed	頹然


幡然 fānrán	幡然 \| 幡然* \| *幡然	suddenly and completely (realize, change one's strategy etc)


萧然 xiāorán	萧然 \| 萧然* \| *萧然	desolate / empty	蕭然


想当然 xiǎngdāngrán	想当然 \| 想当然* \| *想当然	to take sth as given / to make assumptions	想當然


怅然 chàngrán	怅然 \| 怅然* \| *怅然	disappointed and frustrated	悵然


悚然 sǒngrán	悚然 \| 悚然* \| *悚然	frightened / terrified


大义凛然 dàyìlǐnrán	大义凛然 \| 大义凛然* \| *大义凛然	devotion to righteousness that inspires reverence (idiom)	大義凜然


霍然 huòrán	霍然 \| 霍然* \| *霍然	suddenly / quickly


处之泰然 chǔzhītàirán	处之泰然 \| 处之泰然* \| *处之泰然	see 泰然處之｜泰然处之	處之泰然


昂然 ángrán	昂然 \| 昂然* \| *昂然	upright and unafraid


惘然 wǎngrán	惘然 \| 惘然* \| *惘然	frustrated / perplexed / irresolute / dazed


凄然 qīrán	凄然 \| 凄然* \| *凄然	distressed	悽然


徒然 túrán	徒然 \| 徒然* \| *徒然	in vain


宛然 wǎnrán	宛然 \| 宛然* \| *宛然	as if / just like


猝然 cùrán	猝然 \| 猝然* \| *猝然	suddenly; abruptly


未然 wèirán	未然 \| 未然* \| *未然	in advance / before it happens (cf preventative measures) / forestalling


愤然 fènrán	愤然 \| 愤然* \| *愤然	(literary) angry / irate	憤然


孑然 jiérán	孑然 \| 孑然* \| *孑然	solitary / lonely / alone


防患未然 fánghuànwèirán	防患未然 \| 防患未然* \| *防患未然	to prevent troubles before the event (idiom) / to forestall / to nip sth in the bud


嘫 rán	嘫 \| 嘫* \| *嘫	old variant of 然


截然 jiérán	截然 \| 截然* \| *截然	sharply; distinctly; radically


恬然 tiánrán	恬然 \| 恬然* \| *恬然	unperturbed / nonchalant


遽然 jùrán	遽然 \| 遽然* \| *遽然	(literary) all of a sudden


井然 jǐngrán	井然 \| 井然* \| *井然	tidy, methodical


绝然 juérán	绝然 \| 绝然* \| *绝然	completely / absolutely	絕然


枉然 wǎngrán	枉然 \| 枉然* \| *枉然	in vain / to no avail

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